Engineering reasoning

Since that time, a variety of alternatives to refined petroleum products have been evaluated and used as fuels for internal combustion engines. Reasons for considering synthetic and alternative fuels stem from two primary motivating factors the need to ensure an adequate supply of low-cost fuel, and the desire to use fuel that bums completely and cleanly without undesirable exhaust emissions. 

The balance of this chapter focuses, for the most part, on the removal of contaminants from the environment by nonbiological methods. For engineering reasons, we will concentrate on removing VOCs and SOCs. The next chapter will discuss biological methods of remediation and water streams contaminated with VOCs, SOCs, and lOCs. 

Transaction costs in employment are apparently balanced against the difficulty of finding a sufficiently good match between employer and employed. Here we build a simple quantitative model using straightforward engineering reasoning. 

Sachtolith. Production is similar to that of lithopone. For process engineering reasons, a sodium sulfide solution is used as the sulfide component, and is formed according to Equation (4) ... 

Consider the example in which the original cost of a certain piece of equipment is 12,000. The useful-life period is 10 years, and the scrap value at the end of the useful life is 2000. The engineer reasons that this piece of equipment, or its replacement, will be in use for an indefinitely long period of time, and it will be necessary to supply 10,000 every 10 years in order to replace the equipment. He therefore wishes to provide a fund of sufficient size so that it will earn enough interest to pay for the periodic replacement. If the discrete annual interest rate is 6 percent, this fund would need to be 12,650. At 6 percent interest compounded annually, the fund would amount to ( 12,650X1 + 0.06) = 22,650 after 10 years. Thus, at the end of 10 years, the equipment can be replaced for 10,000 and 12,650 will remain in the fund. This cycle could now be repeated indefinitely. If the equipment is to perpetuate itself, the theoretical amount of total capital necessary at the start would be 12,000 for the equipment plus 12,650 for the replacement fund. The total capital determined in this manner is called the capitalized cost. Engineers use capitalized costs principally for comparing alternative choices. ... 

Is access to experts (e.g.. Certified Industrial Hygienists, Certified Safety Professionals, Occupational Nurses, or Engineers), reasonably available to the site, based upon the nature, conditions, complexity, and hazards of the site ... 

Develop appropriate equations to describe the molding process shown in Fig. 8-27. By making appropriate assumptions, simplify these results to give process engineers reasonable means to handle such systems. Justify all assumptions. 

Often, the flow ratios are set the same in all stages either because the solids are easy to separate (and hence there is no reason for them to be set different) or for some engineering reasons such as in the case study reported in ref. 15. If neither is the case and they can be varied along the train, the following general conclusions may be drawn ... 

Even earlier (in 1939) Halban and Kowarski, as well as other experimentalists, had fairly well established that self-sustaining chain reactions with UsOg and ordinary water are not possible [2,3,4], Homogeneous systems of uranium with carbon, helium, beryllium, or oxygen were also considered, and were rejected as not feasible either for nuclear, chemical, or engineering reasons. 

To evaluate the constant of integration C again engineering reasoning is used. At time i = 0, the dashpot locks up the Kelvin element, because it takes time for the dashpot to move. Thus the initial condition is = 0 at t = 0. This relation yields... 

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