Engineering, Mechanical, and General Behavior

This chapter will develop the engineering and mechanical behavior of IPNs, and the following chapter will explore the more industrially oriented aspects. 

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This means that the mechanical behavior is regarded in relatively sharp intervals of time and temperature. Then, engineering moduli are generally sufficient to describe the material s behavior at low strains. They are interrelated by the following relationships ... 

In powder technology, great attention has been paid to the general behavior of powders under compression stress. Compression and compaction tests have been widely used in pharmaceutics, ceramics metallurgy, and civil engineering, as well as in the food powder field by researchers to study the mechanisms of particle interactions and to evaluate particles at a bulk level. 

Thermodynamics involves work and heat. It began in the 19th century with the efforts of engineers to increase the efficiency of steam engines, but it has become the general theory of the macroscopic behavior of matter at equilibrium. It is based on empirical laws, as is classical mechanics. Although classical mechanics has been superseded by relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics, thermodynamics is an unchallenged theory. No exceptions have been found to the laws of thermodynamics. 

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