Engineering design, nature

The cooperation of industrial and engineering designers with the metal finishers, who are frequently required to perform the near-impossible as a consequence of poor communication, is notoriously bad largely as a consequence of the nature of sub-contract industrial relationships. To meet this need an important new standard —BS 4479—has been issued although it is ostensibly a revision of the old standard it is in reality a new standard written essentially as a code of practice. Invaluable advice is given to finishers and designers alike the challenge now is to have it widely read and appreciated ... 

FIGURE 1.9 Master curves of in-phase fjJ) and out-of-phase (/r") components of the complex shear modulus of uncross-linked natural ruhher versus log (frequency) at Tg. (From Payne, A.R. and Scott, J.R., Engineering Design with Rubber, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1960.)... 

Although petroleum refiners are not unfamiliar with questions of thermal stability of petroleum products, jet fuel stability requirements (stable in the range 400—500°F) presented a new set of problems. One of the first things to be done was to define limits of acceptable stability. Such limits naturally would depend upon individual engine design and the environment to which the fuel is exposed. Fuels meeting one set of conditions could conceivably fail to meet another set. The solution devise some sort of laboratory test that would correlate with actual engine performance... 

Unlike storage in reservoirs or aquifers which rely on natural voids in porous and permeable rocks, with storage in salt caverns, the gas is stored in man-made, solution-mined caverns. Geology is only the starting point, and engineers design and construct the project. 

The analysis of the wavy and turbulent regions is very difficult because of the random nature of the flow. For engineering design purposes, it is usually necessary to resort to empirical correlations. Many correlation equations can be found in the literature. After an extensive review, Chen, Gemer, and Tien [4] recommend the... 

Mi plant design is made up of words, numbers, and MW pictures. An engineer thinks naturally in terms of the sketches and drawings which are his "pictures. " m I Thus, to solve a material balance problem, he will start with a block to represent the equipment and then will show entering and leaving streams with their amounts and properties. Or ask him to describe a process and he will begin to sketch the equipment, show how iris interconnected, and what the flows and operating conditions are. 

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