Engel process

Engel-Precht An improved version of the Engel process, developed in 1889 by H. Precht at the Salzbergwerk Neu Stassfurt, Germany, and operated until 1938. 

This technique, termed rotational molding (e.g. Engel Process), can be used with thermoplastic materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polycarbonate and polyurethane. The powdered plastic is placed in a mold and heated externally in an oven chamber to about 220-400°C, whilst it is rotated around both vertical and horizontal axes. As the powder melts, it adheres to the inner mold surface, building up an even layer over the surface of the mold. The mold, whilst still rotating, is withdrawn from the heated chamber and moved into a cooling chamber and the component removed after solidification [85]. 

The peroxide method (Engel process) employs a special extruder with a plunger action where peroxide is added to the base resin and through a combination of pressure and high temperature the crosslinking takes place as the tubing is produced. 

The Azo process is similar in nature to the Engels process, which uses an Azo compound (Azo compounds) are chemical compounds with the general formula R—N=N—R, where R and R can be either aryl (aromatic) or alkyl (aliphatic functional groups) rather than a peroxide. 

FastPEX is a faster Engel manufacturing process for PEX tubing. The normal Engel process is a very... 

Enflurane [13838-16-9]C Engel-Precht process Engine coolants... 

Potassium Carbonate. Except for small amounts produced by obsolete processes, eg, the leaching of wood ashes and the Engel-Precht process, potassium carbonate is produced by the carbonation, ie, via reaction with carbon dioxide, of potassium hydroxide. Potassium carbonate is available commercially as a concentrated solution containing ca 47 wt % K CO or in granular crystalline form containing 99.5 wt % K CO. Impurities are small amounts of sodium and chloride plus trace amounts (<2 ppm) of heavy metals such as lead. Heavy metals are a concern because potassium carbonate is used in the production of chocolate intended for human consumption. 

Curty, C., Engel, N., and Gossauer, A., Evidence for a monoxygenase-catalyzed primary process in the catabolism of chlorophyll, FEES Lett, 364, 41, 1995. 

Engel A process for making potassium carbonate from potassium chloride obtained from the salt deposits at Stassfurt, Germany. The basis of the process is the formation of the sparingly soluble double salt MgKH(C03)2-4H20 when carbon dioxide is passed into a suspension of magnesium carbonate in aqueous potassium chloride ... 

Liefeldt, A. and Engell, S. (2003) A modeling and simulation environment for pipeless plants. Proceedings of 2003 International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering (PSE 2003), Kunming, China, pp. 955-961. 

Fritz, M., Liefeldt, A. and Engell, S. (1999) Recipe-driven batch processes Event handling in hybrid system simulation. Proceedings of 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Computer Aided Control System Design (CACSD 99), Hawaii, USA, pp. 138-143. 

A MILP model of the aggregated scheduling problem of the EPS process was proposed by Sand and Engell [16]. The model is formulated as a discrete time multi-period model where each period i e 1,..., 1 corresponds to two days. The degrees of freedom of the aggregated problem are the following discrete production decisions ... 

Engell, S. and Sand, G. (2003) A two-stage stochastic integer programming approach to realtime scheduling, in Fourth International Conference on Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Operations (eds I. Grossmann and C. McDonald), CACHE Corp, Austin,... 

Grahl-Madsen L, Larsen PH, Bonanos N, Engell J, and Linderoth S. Mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of Ni-YSZ cermets fabricated by viscous processing. J Mater Sci 2006 41 1097-1107. 

Lohl, T. C. Schulz and S. Engell. Sequencing of Batch Operations for Highly Coupled Production Process Genetic Algorithms Versus Mathematical Programming. Comput Chem Eng 22 S579-585 (1998). 

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