Aggregation problems

A MILP model of the aggregated scheduling problem of the EPS process was proposed by Sand and Engell [16]. The model is formulated as a discrete time multi-period model where each period i e 1,..., 1 corresponds to two days. The degrees of freedom of the aggregated problem are the following discrete production decisions ... 

All remaining decisions can be made after the observation of the outcome of uncertain parameters, either in the detailed scheduler or by decisions of the aggregated problem which are taken later. Thus, these decisions are considered as second-stage decisions. Consequently, the vector of second-stage decisions ya consists of all production decisions of the periods i > h and all continuous variables of the cost model for all periods. 

An additional benefit gained from monitoring the deprotection reaction arises from a visual interpretation of the peak shape produced. This reflects the rapidity of release of the dibenzofulvene adduct from the support. Rapid release is signified by a sharp peak whereas slow diffusion from the support, signified by a broad peak with extending tail is associated with the onset of aggregation problems within the matrix vide infra). 

In the last 25 years, the use of MCs (in combination with other shear-protecting additives, such as serum, yeastolate or protein hydrolysates) appears to have been restricted to the cultivation of insect cells, probably because of the more widespread use of Pluronic F-68, which does not cause any of the cell-aggregation problems often associated with the use of MCs and CMCs. 

Bafdyga J, Jasinska M, Krasinski A, Kubicki D, Franke D, Goesele W, Welker S, Zauner R. Mixing effects in precipitation-aggregation problem. Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Mixing in Industrial Processes, Toulouse, France, paper 2001 11 75. 

NMR conditions should follow the usual guidelines for NMR samples [37]. Ample buffering is particularly important at preferably low pH and at a sufficient distance from the isoelectric point. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the highest possible concentration is to be used without running into aggregation problems. 

The resolution of SEC can be improved with longer columns, slower throughput, finer matrix material, and an FPLC device (see Section 5.2.1). Recommendation for aggregation problems isopronanol in concentrations up to 15% should prevent hydrophobic interaction between proteins. 

---