Energy resources processing solids

Processing Techniques for Solid Wastes Processing techniques are used in solid-waste-management systems to (I) improve the efficiency of the systems, (2) to recover resources (usable materials), and (3) to prepare materials for recoveiy of conversion produc ts and energy. The more important techniques used for processing solid wastes are summarized in Tables 25-61 and 25-62. 

Energy and natural resources processing. NSF should sustain its support of basic research in complex behavior in multiphase systems, catalysis, separations, dynamics of solids transport and handling, and new scale-up and design methodologies. 

A life cycle assessment (LCA), also known as life cycle analysis, of a product or process begins with an inventory of the energy and environmental flows associated with a product from "cradle to grave" and provides information on the raw materials used from the environment, energy resources consumed, and air, water, and solid waste emissions generated. GHGs and other wastes, sinks, and emissions may then be assessed (Sheehan et ah, 1998). The net GHG emissions calculated from an LCA are usually reported per imit of product or as the carbon footprint. 

Mechanical component separation. Component separation is a necessary operation in the recoveiy of resources from solid wastes and in instances when energy and conversion products are to be recovered from process wastes. 

Francis) Lee Smith, Ph.D., M.Eng. Principal, WUcrest Consulting Associates, Houston, Texas (Sec. 9, Process Economics Sec. 12, Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying Sec. 22, Waste Management Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)... 

Several processes and devices are currently developed for water electrolysis such as aUcaline systems, solid oxide electrolyte, and PEM-based electrolysers. PEM water electrolysis is crmsid-ered the most promising method to produce hydrogen with a high degree of purity from renewable energy resources such as wind. 

Resource recovery. The process of obtaining or energy, particularly from solid wastes. 

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