Repulsive energy

H = (kinetic energy) + (kinetic energy+ (repulsion) + (repulsion)gg + (attraction... 

In Equation (10), Vc represents a hard-core repulsion that is entropic in nature since it is linearly dependent on temperature in the expression for energy. Repulsion is generally associated with enthalpic interactions and we can consider the effect of an enthalpic interaction. Since Vc is associated with a single Kuhn unit we consider the average enthalpy of interaction per pair-wise interaction and the number of pair-wise interactions per Kuhn unit,... 

Table 5.37 Lattice energy terms for C2/c pyroxenes. Values in kJ/mole. bhf = energy of Born-Haber-Fayans thermochemical cycle U- = lattice energy Ec = coulombic energy = repulsive energy Edd = dipole-dipole interactions E q = dipole quadrupole interactions =...

Coulomb energy repulsion energy dispersion energy zero point energy... 

In seeking to rationalize the repulsive structure found in the He (2 S) + Ar,Kr,Xe,D2 interactions, we examine the model for noble-gas partners proposed by Siska et al.108,109 1,2 and the rationale presented by Isaacson et al.121 for He (l S) + D2. In the model potential function of Siska et al.108- 109 tjje iow energy repulsion is represented by a switchover from alkalilike—closed-shell repulsive behavior to ion core (He+)-—closed-shell Rydberg-like behavior with decreasing internuclear distance in other words,... 

Physical chemists established a process called self-organization in which water-insoluble amphiphiles firstly form a molecular brush on the water surface and then assemble to spherical droplets or bladders in bulk water if a threshold concentration (cmc, critical micellar concentration) is surpassed. It was also shown that the self-organization of molecular mono- and bilayers is commonly not followed by crystal growth which would normally be favoured as it diminishes surface energies. Repulsive hydration and undulation effects were held responsible for preventing the growth of the delicate bilayer structures to 3D crystals. 

It was also shown that the potential energy repulsion term is related to the change in enthalpy (equation 87). 

Figure 8.18. Simplified scheme of the forms of energy (repulsive and attractive) that combine to give the total energy of M -saturated and M -saturated smectite as a function of the interlayer spacing in water.

Figure 6.—Continued. C, Predicted electrical drift contribution to molecular transport across one of the two cubic cell membranes. (Weaver, J. C. Barnett, A. Wang, M. W. B/iss, J. G., unpublished). A hypothetical series of molecules, a// with unit charge (zs = l) was used to test the relative importance of different size pores in the pore population. More realistic predictions would use estimates of the size (radius rs), shape (a form factor), and the Bom energy repulsion (zs>eff — zm, where m is a number in the range 1 < m < 2).

Here p(z) is the local density of the adsorbed fluid at a distance z from one of the walls of the pore, f(z) is the intrinsic molecular Helmholtz energy of the adsorbate phase, p is the chemical potential. The free energy f(z) comprises tire ideal, mean-field attractive terms, and the excess fine energy (repulsive) term as a function of so-called smoothed weighted average density. 

P. von Brentano, On the mixing of two bound and unbound levels Energy repulsion and width athactions, Phys. Rep. 264 (1996) 57. 

The protecting action itself shows two different elements. When the tails of molecules bonded to two particles approach each other, the increase in local concentration leads to an increase in free energy (repulsion), which is an osmotic effect. At the same time, some tails may not fit in the space between the particles, decreasing the number of conformational possibilities, which promotes a loss of entropy. This is the volume restriction effect. 

VII. TOTAL POTENTIAL ENERGY (REPULSION + ATTRACTION) FOR TWO PLATES, AND APPLICATION TO COLLOID STABILITY. 

In contrast with nuclear fission where a large nucleus is split into two more stable nuclei, fusion relies on the formation of larger stable nuclei from small nuclei. The main difference is that fusion requires an initial high temperature of millions of degrees to overcome the energy repulsion barrier of the nuclei. In the fusion H-bomb, the high temperature (10 K) is achieved by a fission bomb. 

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