Electrostatic repulsion energy

In an aqueous system with large particles weU-separated by a distance, s, (D and 5 > t ) the electrostatic repulsion energy between two identical charged spheres may be approximated (1) ... 

Electrostatic Repulsive Energy Between Red Cell Surfaces... 

Effects of Dextrans on Electrostatic Repulsion. In the absence of externally applied forces, the net aggregation energy (Ea) in a rouleau is equal to Eb minus electrostatic repulsive energy (Ee). The aggregation behavior of each cell-dextran system reflects the Ea. Since electrostatic... 

Balance Between Macromolecular Bridging Energy and Electrostatic Repulsive Energy. In the absence of externally applied forces, the net aggregation force per unit cell surface area (difference between the macromolecular bridging force per unit area (electrostatic repulsive force per unit area ([Pg.32]

As often is the case (see Chapter 2, Sections 2.2.6 and 2.7), the molecular mechanics analysis above does not include any electrostatic interaction energies. To include these, the charge distribution and the charge compensation by ion-pairing to counter ions (perchlorate) have to be known. Model calculations indicate that an effective charge of around +1.6 per copper site, a value that is expected from thermodynamic considerations, leads to electrostatic repulsion energies of ca. 17 kJ mol-1 and 10 kJ mol-1, respectively, for the folded and stretched conformers. In agreement with the experiment (EPR spectra), this qualitative analysis indicates a preference for the folded structure of A, and for the stretched structure of B1 201. 

The third term in Eq. 7.16, the classical electrostatic repulsion energy term, is readily calculated if po is known. 

The total energy of interaction ( VT ) is obtained from the summation between the electrostatic repulsive energy (i.e., the electrical double layer) and the attractive energy (i.e., van der Waals forces) ... 

Electrostatic repulsive energy, Tr, at a given interparticle distance is the work which must be performed to bring the particles to a specific point. Using the Debye-Huckel low-potential approximation and assuming equal spheres, Vr can be described by... 

In the DLVO theory the combination of the electrostatic repulsive energy 17 with the attractive potential energy Vj gives the total potential energy of interaction... 

Calculated values of K.a (Table 16.2) confirm fhe validify of Equation 16.3 to calculate the electrostatic repulsion energy of CAJ and CAJ - - CR. Dielectric constant of apple juice (8 = 75) was obfained from literature (Nelson and Bartley, 2002) and considered to be the same for both samples. Zeta-potential values were used as a valid approximation to the surface pofential ( = ipo). Electrosfafic repulsion energy normalized with the Brownian thermal energy (U /k T) as a function of the surface-to-surface disfance (H) between particles is shown in Figure 16.1 for CAJ and... 

The calculated total energy of the molecule and its different partitionings can be used as theoretical molecular descriptors. The quantum-chemically calculated total energy of the molecule (/iroi) refers usually to the quantum mechanical standard state for the energy (isolated electrons and nuclei at 0 K). Within the Born Oppenheimer approximation, it can be divided into total electronic energy, Ee, and the nuclear nuclear electrostatic repulsion energy. 

The arrangement of the coordinated groups minimizes the electrostatic repulsion energy between them. 

In all other important cases the optimum configuration is not determined by symmetry alone. Although it is possible to arrange eight equivalent X anions at the vertices of a cube about a central M ion as in Fig. 2a, this is not the configuration which minimizes the electrostatic repulsion energy, for clearly the square antiprism shown in Fig. 2b is more favorable. 

Vr = electrostatic repulsive energy between two like particles e = dielectric constant of medium a = particle radius... 

Under certain circumstances the DVLO electrostatic repulsion energy can in feet become an attractive force, notably Mhen the two Stem potentials are of opposite sign. 

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