Energy Intensive Treatment Technologies

Ozone is used extensively in Europe to purify water. Ozone, a moleeule eomposed of 3 atoms of oxygen rather than two, is formed by exposing air or oxygen to a high voltage eleetrie are. Ozone is mueh more effective as a disinfectant than 

The US EPA explored UV light for small scale water treatment plants and found it compared unfavorably with chlorine due to 1) higher costs, 2) lower reliability, and 3) lack of a residual disinfectant. 

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Vitrification s main limitation is that it is extremely energy intensive, and thus may be more expensive than other remedial technologies. A second major limitation is the potential for some contaminants (organic and inorganic) to volatilize during treatment. 

The vendor states that MRRP may not be cost effective for contaminated water or wastewater as a primary treatment system but could recover mercury from carbon systems used to treat these waste streams. According to the Gas Technology Institute, the mobilization and demobilization of mobile thermal treatment systems can be costly and time consuming. These technologies are often energy intensive. 

Catalysis is today one of chemistry s most important and powerful technologies. Currently, about 90% of chemical manufacturing processes and more than 20% of all industrial products involve catalytic steps [30], Catalytic reactions are intensively used in chemical industry, energy conversion, wastewater treatment and in many other processes. 

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