Energy exchange pump

Energy exchange pumps are extremely popular in the design of glycol dehydration systems. These pumps are low-cost items and require no electrical power. In most remote locations, availability of electrical power is a problem, and the general emphasis is to reduce power consumption. For such plant locations, energy exchange pumps are widely used. 

For proper system operation, a small quantity of contactor gas is always required. The gas required depends on the contactor pressure and is presented in Table 5.5 [5]. 

The pressure in the motor end is reduced to tire flash separator pressure witii some margins for frictional and static pressure drops. In some designs, rich glycol is used to generate reflux in the regenerator column, and for such 

Operating Pressure (kPaC) Gas Consumption (SmVm3 TEG) Operating Pressure (kPaG) Gas Consumption (SmVm3 TEG) 

Process engineering and design using Visual Basic 

---

In case an energy exchange pump is used, there are limits up to which a reliable energy exchange pump is available. 

Table 5.5 Gas Consumption to Operate Energy Exchange Pump...

Figure 1.5. Femtosecond spectroscopy of bimolecular collisions. The cartoon shown in (a illustrates how pump and probe pulses initiate and monitor the progress of H + COj->[HO. .. CO]->OH + CO collisions. The huild-up of OH product is recorded via the intensity of fluorescence excited hy the prohe laser as a function of pump-prohe time delay, as presented in (h). Potential energy curves governing the collision between excited Na atoms and Hj are given in (c) these show how the Na + H collision can proceed along two possible exit channels, leading either to formation of NaH + H or to Na + H by collisional energy exchange.

We ignore the cost of the energy of pumping and the cost of water and only consider the investment cost of the heat transfer area. The heat exchanger cost is 25/ft2 of heat... 

The outer membrane, the plasmalemma, efficiently protects the cell from the environment while, at the same time, carrying out functions important for cell metabolism the uptake of substrates and the elimination of toxic compounds. Substrate exchange with the environment is controlled by transport proteins embedded in the membrane (energy-requiring pumps such as Na+,K+-ATPase, or other transport units such as the Na+/glucose cotransporter and sodium and calcium ion channels) [1],... 

Process flowsheets embody the material and energy balances and include the sizes of major equipment of the plant. They include all vessels, such as reactors, separators, and drums special processing equipment heat exchangers pumps and so on. Numerical data include flow quantities, compositions, pressures, and temperatures. Major instrumentation essential for process control and the complete understanding of the flowsheet without reference to other... 

The concentration of free calcium ions (Ca " ) in the cytosol of ASM is central to the contractile response. The concentration of Ca in the cytosol is determined by the relative activity of processes which deliver Ca to the cytosol and which remove Ca " from it. Calcium may be delivered either by influx of extracellular Ca, or by release of Ca " stored in intracellular organelles, both processes involving the movement of Ca " down an electrochemical gradient from pools of high concentration. Conversely, Ca " is removed from the cytosol by energy-requiring pumps and by ion-exchange mechanisms which extrude extracellularly, or which refill the intracellular stores. 

A chemical plant is an arrangement of processing units (reactors, heat exchangers, pumps, distillation columns, absorbers, evaporators, tanks, etc.), integrated with one another in a systematic and rational manner. The plant s overall objective is to convert certain raw materials (input feedstock) into desired products using available sources of energy, in the most economical way. 

Another common feature of relaxation in benzene and R2 aniline is that a very frequent first step in the collision-induced vibrational energy exchange is endoergic up-pumping of the excited molecule, even when exoergic channels are available. The ubiquity and overall importance of this first endoergic step must be explained by any plausible mechanism for the processes observed. 

---