Energy diffusion Document

It is important to note for the following discussion that in electron-transfer processes the reductant s highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) should combine with the oxidant s lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the same symmetry to ensure proper overlap of reductant and oxidant orbitals to initiate electron transfer. That is, electron transfer will occur readily from n to n orbitals on different species or from a to a but not n to a in a linear arrangement of atoms [e.g., A-B-C in Appendix I (following references at the end of this chapter)]. In the case of outer-sphere electron-transfer processes, n- to 7r-electron transfers are favored over a to a because (1) such transfers do not require major changes in bond lengths in the precursor complex (lower activation energy) and (2) the n orbitals are more diffuse or better exposed than a orbitals. This process is well documented for transition metals. For inner-sphere electron-transfer processes, both n- to n- and a- to n-electron transfers are most favored (Purcell and Kotz, 1980). 

The existence of important coupled diffusion-dynamic processes in porous media is well-documented empirically. The Russian literature contains many descriptions of earthquake-induced altered (generally enhanced) production from reservoirs of modest porosity (i.e. elastic conditions with no potential for compaction). Anecdotal evidence for increased well levels, release of fine-grained material into wells, and enhanced stream flow after earthquakes (Manga et al. 2003) has been reported. Triggering of sympathetic secondary earthquakes at a distance is well-known, and it is also known that the time of propagation for the triggering energy is far slower than the velocity of compressional, shear, or other common waves that are sufficiently conservative to travel hundreds of kilometres. 

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