Fine-grained material

Fig. 20.4. Investment casting of turbine blades. This produces a fine-grained material which may undergo a fair amount of diffusion creep, and which may fail rather soon by cavity formation.

X-rays. This was followed by the mathematical solution of crystal structure from X-ray diffraction data in 1913 by Bragg. Since that, many applications of X-ray were foimd including structure determination of fine-grained materials, like soils and days, which had been previously thought to be amorphous. Since then, crystals structures of the day minerals were well studied (Ray and Okamoto, 2003). 

Well development refers to the process of removing drilling fluids and fine-grained materials from near the well screen. Their removal helps the subsequent collection of nonturbid samples and improves the hydraulic connection between the well and the aquifer. 

A eollection of 450 soil samples was taken for laboratory analysis, selected on the basis of the HSA, with particular focus on fracture points filled with fine-grained materials (silt-clay)... 

Groundwater in glacial deposits often contains high concentrations of arsenic (more than 10 pgL-1 Table 3.13). The presence of abundant fine-grained materials and organic carbon in glacial sediment... 

Colloid Fine-grained materials (usually 2-10 000 A in diameter) that remain indefinitely suspended in their host medium. For example, solid colloids may occur in water. Double layers often exist on colloids. 

Avoid sampling during rainy periods and flood events. The water sample must be taken before the stream sediment sample, for obvious reasons (during the collection of the stream sediment, fine-grained material is agitated and transported in suspension). The stream sediment sample is composited from 5-10 subsamples in the field. The water sample should be taken from the first, lowermost stream sediment sampling point. 

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