Energetic ionic liquids

In contrast to most of the high energy-density alkali and silver (NO- and NO2-substituted) methanides, the ionic liquids of these methanides with a bulky organic cation are neither heat nor shock sensitive, and hence can be prepared and stored in large scale. Nevertheless, this type of methanide-based ionic liquids can also be considered energetic ionic liquids since the thermodynamically unstable methanide anion is only kinetically... 

Based on recent publications <2006AGE3584, 2006AGE4981, 2005JMC3459> and the study of 5-aminotetrazo-lium picrate <2005EJI3760>, we can state with confidence that a new field of knowledge has appeared tetrazolium salts as energetic ionic liquids. 

Fig. 9.26 Energetic Ionic Liquids based on the 1,4,5-trimethyltetrazolium (TMTz+) cation.

Drake, G., Kaplan, G., Hall, L., Hawkins, T. and Larue, J., A new family of energetic ionic liquids 1-amino-3-alkyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrates, J. Chem. Crystallogr. 37 (1), 15-23 (2007). 

Schaller, U. (2011) Triazolium based energetic ionic liquids. 8th Workshop on Pyrotechnic Combustion, Reims, France, May 14. 

Azido-1,2,4-triazoles and 3,5-diazido-1,2,4-triazole, as well as 2-azidoimidazole, have been known for some time. A recent account of these is given as well as a report of a study of some of their salts with energetic anions, such as 3-azido-l,2,4-triazolium nitrate, for the purpose of energetic ionic liquids. 

J(mes CB, Haiges R, Schroer T, Christie KO (2006) Oxygen-balanced energetic ionic liquid. Angew Chem Int Ed 45 4981—4984... 

Energetic ionic liquids have been previously studied in the late seventies as LGP (Liquid Gun Propellants), but due to development problems, they have been finally discarded for this peculiar application (Klingenberg et al., 1997). More recently, they have been proposed as space monopropellants to replace hydrazine and numerous research papers appeared in this field. A general review focusing on the catalytic decomposition of propellants, including... 

Chowdhury, A., Thynell, S. T. Lin, P. (2009a). Confined rapid thermolysis/FTlK/ToF studies of tetrazolium-based energetic ionic liquids, Ihermochim. Acta, Vol. 485, No. 

Chowdhury, A. Thynell, S. T. (2010b). Kinetics of Decompxjsition of Energetic Ionic Liquids, Propell. Explos. Pyrot, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 572-581, ISSN 0721-3115 Christe, K. O. Drake, G. W. (2003). Energetic ionic liquids. Patent US N° 2003-681502 Coil, M. A. (2010). Hypergolic Ignition of a Gelled Ionic Liquid Fuel, AIAA Paper 2010-6901, ISSN 0146-3705... 

Thermal and catalytic decomposition of HNF and HAN-based propellants, European Space Agency, SP-557, ISBN 978-92-909286-6-9, pp. 106-111 Courtheoux, L., Amariei, D., Rossignol, S. Kappenstein, C (2005a). Facile catal34ic decomposition at low temperature of energetic ionic liquid as hydrazine substitute, Eur.. Inorg. Chem., No. 12, pp. 2293-2295, ISSN 1434-1948... 

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