Endosymbiotic origin

The existence of mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, and tRNAs supports the hypothesis of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria (see Fig. 1-36), which holds that the first organisms capable of aerobic metabolism, including respiration-linked ATP production, were prokaryotes. Primitive eukaryotes that lived anaerobically (by fermentation) acquired the ability to carry out oxidative phosphorylation when they established a symbiotic relationship with bacteria living in their cytosol. After much evolution and the movement of many bacterial genes into the nucleus of the host eukaryote, the endosymbiotic bacteria eventually became mitochondria. 

Compact review of the endosymbiotic origin hypothesis and the evidence for and against it. 

While the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria had been considered since the time of Mereschkowsky (Martin and Kowallik 1999), the advances in biochemical techniques in the 1960s led to a revival of the idea, and a new and enthusiastic following for it. The driving force behind this renewed... 

Thus, even granted the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria, the persistence of mitochondrial genes and genomes requires explanation if most ancestral, bacterial genes have been successfully relocated to the cell nucleus, then why not all What is it about mitochondrial genes, or their gene products, that has prevented their successful removal to the nucleus ... 

Endosymbiotic origin. As now generally agreed, mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from free-living bacteria. 

Bui ET, Bradley PJ, Johnson PJ (1996) A common evolutionary origin for mitochondria and hydrogenosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 9651-9695 Cavalier-Smith T (1975) The origin of nuclei and of eukaryotic cells. Nature 256 463-468 Cavalier-Smith T (1983) Endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrial envelope. In Schwemmler W, Schenk HEA (eds) Endocytobiology II. Intracellular space as an oligogenetic ecosystem. De Gutyer, Berlin, pp 265-279... 

In this chapter I present phylogenetic data which are consistent with an endosymbiotic origin of what subsequently became the nucleus. Subsequently means here that the nucleus, as well as other typically eukaryotic structures, emerged after the advent of aerobically respiring mitochondria. A concept of canonical pattern of mitochondrial ancestry for eukaryotic genes (Emelyanov 2001b, 2003b) will be shown to be crucial to the issue. 

Evolution of succinyl CoA synthetase Section 17.1.7 Evolutionary history of the citric acid cycle Section 17,3,3 Endosymbiotic origins of mitochondria Section 18.1.2... 

Oliveira, M. C. Battachaiya, D. (2000). Phylogeny of the Bangiophyceae (Rhodophyta) and the secondary endosymbiotic origin of algal plastids. American Journal of Botany, 87, 482-492. 

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