Endoscope prototypes

FIGURE 5.10 (a) Prototype CARS endoscope image of 0.75-(xmpolystyrene beads embedded in agarose gel spin-coated on a coverslip (Ar = 2845 cm ). The image dimension is 29 (xm x 29 Xm (128 x 128 pixels). The pump and Stokes powers at the sample were 80 mW each, with a pixel dwell time of 1 ms. (b) CARS intensity profile along the white line in (a). The CARS contrast decreased when the system was tuned off the resonance maximum. 

Koutenaei, B.A., Wilson, E., Monfaredi, R., Peters, C., Kronreif, G., Cleary, K. Robotic natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (R-NOTES) Literature review and prototype system. Minimally Invasive Therapy Allied Technologies 24(1), 18-23(2015)... 

Our current dual-arm robotic tool, the world s smallest dual-arm telesurgical robot, is our latest prototype that uses the state-of-the-art technology targeting pediatric neurosurgery. As shown in Figure 5.17, the prototype consists of a 9-mm trocar sheath that currently accommodates a 5.5-mm endoscope camera, two 4-DOF instrument arms, and a suction channel. The instrument arms are composed of concentric superplastic tubes no bigger than 2.4 mm in diameter. The left arm is equipped with a pair of forceps and... 

Figure 6.34 shows a prototype endoscope with a liquid tunable focus microlens integrated at the distal end [36]. Two sets—actuation optical fibers and an image acquisition fiber bimdle—were connected to the back side of... 

Photograph of prototype endoscope with tunable-focus liquid microlens at distal end. An image acquisition fiber bundle and 12 optical fibers are bound together and attached to the back side of the microlens by adapters. Source Zeng, X. et al. 2011. Journal of Mkroelectromechaniad Systems, 20, 583-593. With permission.)... 

Fig. 7.1a-d. An endoscope used for endoscopic MR imaging is not very different from other gastroscopes, but it is manufactured with materials that do not produce artefacts which interfere with imaging, a The endoscope used by Dux et al (2001). The tip of the endoscope b shows the oversized biopsy channel that is used to advance the coil into the stomach, c The prototype of the receiver coil used nowadays. The diameter of the coil released from the endoscope is variable depending on the size of the tumour that is to be imaged, d shows that the endoscope is compatible with MRI, and the channel that accommodates the receiver coil is clearly depicted... 

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