Endemic, North American

The results of studies of secondary metabolites of Hawaiian endemics are primarily useful in assessing levels of variation within taxa, but some generalizations relating to relationships with likely ancestors can be made. We start our survey with a genus well known to North Americans, Bidens, commonly called beggars ticks. 

Two of the most common endemic fungal infections (histoplasmosis and North American blastomycosis) are found in... 

Distribution North American endemic species and under natural conditions occurs only in northeastern North America. 

Blastomycosis was KWdim d North American blastomycosis in 1942, when Conant and Howell named a similar fungus endemic to South America, Blastomyces braziliensis, and the disease it caused South American blastomycosis. Although the disease is now recognized to be endemic to the southeastern and south central states of the United States (especially those bordering on the Mississippi and Ohio River basins) and the midwestem states and Canadian provinces bordering... 

This group continues to bring surprises. After Huttunen and Ignatov (2004) found that the Chinese Platyhypnidium patulifolium is closely related to the enigmatic North American endemic Donri-... 

The genus Caesalpinia sensu stricto (as currently circumscribed, e.g. in Lewis et al., 2005) aptly demonstrates the Succulent biome distribution pattern (Eiguie 12.3, Table 12.3) with 12 species in the seasonally dry forests of the Caribbean, three in Mexican and Central American SDTF, two in South American SDTF (including C. cassioides Willd. in the SDTF of Colombia, southern Ecuador and northern Peru), four in north-east African and Arabian bushland and thicket, five in southern African succulent-rich bushland and thicket, one endemic to the dry forests of Madagascar, and one (for which precise habitat data are not known) only found in South-Central Africa. 

FIGU RE 12.20 Neotropical distribution patterns of the 63 southern Ecuadorean woody legume seasonally dry tropical forest taxa (none occur outside the Neotropics). SENE = southern Ecuador narrow endemic EE = Ecuador endemic EPE = Ecuador-Peru (Tumbesian) endemic EPSP = Ecuador-Peru, with disjunction into southern Peru ECD = Ecuador-Colombia disjunct EPCD = Ecuador-Peru-Colombia disjunct EPCVD = Ecuador-Peru-Colombia-Venezuela disjunct EPBD = Ecuador-(-r/- Peruj-BoUvia disjunct SAD = South American disjunct, in some taxa the range extending to the caatingas of north eastern Brazil ND = neotropical disjunct. 

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