End boiling point

Steam Reforming. When relatively light feedstocks, eg, naphthas having ca 180°C end boiling point and limited aromatic content, are available, high nickel content catalysts can be used to simultaneously conduct a variety of near-autothermic reactions. This results in the essentiaHy complete conversions of the feedstocks to methane ... 

There is a major economic incentive to extend the current HC processes to enable heavier feedstocks to be converted to lighter, higher-value transportation fuels. Studies by Idemitsu indicate that iron-modified zeolite catalysts significantly enhance conversion when heavy oils such as long residue are hydroprocessed (65). Nevertheless, major technical barriers exist which make high conversions and product selectivities difficult to achieve with truly heavy feeds (end boiling points beyond 620 °C) - these include ... 

The term naphtha is used to denote a petroleum cut whose lightest components have ih e carbon atoms, and whose end boiling point may be as high as about 20(Kr. According to their distillarion temperatures, a disdncdon is drawn between short naphthas, whose... 

Melting end boiling points of some alkali and alkaline eoftb Kolidot... 

The hydrocarbon composition of gasoline produced from different raw materials under the same process conditions may essentially differ individually as well as in groups. The main differences are observed in the composition of the paraffin-naphthene fraction of gasoline, and aromatics are represented basically by the toluene-xylene fraction. As a result of the transformation of hydrocarbon feedstocks over H-ZSM-5/AI2O3 catalyst, hydrocarbon and fraction composition of liquid products widen which leads to an increase of the end boiling point of the catalysate. Simultaneously, the formation of Ci - C4 hydrocarbons and of a small amount of H2 (not more than 3-4 wt % in the gas phase) occurs. The composition of the gaseous products obtained (P>5 MPa) differs only slightly. 

This type of process, which operates in the presence of catalysts, serves to treat feeds ranging from methane to cuts with an end boiling point of200 C, although the latter are little used today 3 . 

For cuts with 204°C end boiling point, there is a 1.6-2.3% decrease in cycle length per °C increase in feed end point (98). 

Note 7—Satisfactory results have been obtained in this test method by using Baker kerosine (deodorized) which has typical initial and end boiling points of 191 C and 240 C, respectivdy, and a tyjMcal composition of %.7 volume % saturates, 0.1 volume % olefins, and a maximum of 3.2 volume % aromatics. If the kerosine used by an operator deviates appreciably from this composition, there may be significant error. 

The typical profiles of temperature, pressure, and conversion (expressed as weight percent of gases plus naphtha with 165°C of end boiling point) along the reaction system for coil and soaker visbreaking are depicted in Figure 3.4. 

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