Emerging pollutants surface waters

The modern U.S. chemical industry emerged in 1915, when supplies of dyes were cut off by Germany, which required dyes and their intermediates for military purposes, including the manufacture of explosives, and also by the British blockade on German shipping. From the 1970s the by then mature industry declined in Europe and the United States, in part because of environmental difficulties facing dye manufacturers, such as the pollution of surface waters. 

The increasing environmental concerns also relate to the presence of industrial dyestuffs and emerging pollutants, ca. pharmaceutical compounds, in surface and ground waters and wastewaters. Manganese oxides are common minerals in the environment and are among the most important... 

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