Natural selection, emergence

Note that the site selection process need not be lengthy or complex. Team members regular pb responsMities, as well as their PSM work to date, witt have thoroughly acquainted them vdth a range of your company s facilities. It s more than likely that logical candidates for the pilot site will have emerged naturally from the process and may already have been proposed. 

The strategy for development of /3-lactamase-resistant /3-lactams has some limitations. Indeed, it has often been found that the more-resistant compounds are less-efficient antibiotics. Furthermore, the natural weapons wielded by bacteria mutation, gene transfer, and natural selection, combine to counter /3-lactamase resistance. Thus, /3-lactamase mutants have emerged that efficiently hydrolyze compounds that were previously considered /3-lactamase-resistant [37-41], The overproduction of enzymes - either PBPs or the original /3-lactamases - as well as a decrease in the permeability of the bacterial membrane to antibiotics - are other defense strategies of the bacteria [42] [43],... 

Living systems that have emerged on Earth have done so by a process of random variation in the structure of inherited biomolecules, on which was superimposed natural selection to achieve fitness. These are the central elements of the Darwinian paradigm. 

In reality, what deeply impressed people was not the idea of natural selection as such, but the abyssal divide that emerged between the simplicity of the idea and the enormity of its consequences. With an ordinary mechanism Darwin arrived at extraordinary conclusions, and these were so radical that nobody could remain indifferent. There is therefore no paradox in the success of the book and in the honours bestowed on its author. 

One suspects that the lack of contemporary interest in Henderson s work might have been because such ideas were closely associated with the teleological design arguments of the past, which had been discredited by the emergence of natural selection as a better explanation for biological fine-tuning and, to a far lesser extent, by the philosophical objections of Hume (1779) [19] and Kant (c. 1790) [20]. 

Competition drives the emergence of natural selection. Such behavior appears to be inevitable in any self-replicating chemical system in which resources are limited and some molecules have the ability to mutate. Over time, more efficient networks of autocatalytic molecules will increase in concentration at the expense of less efficient networks. In such a competitive milieu the emergence of increasing molecular complexity is inevitable new chemical pathways overlay the old. So it is that life has continued to evolve over the past four billion years of Earth history. 

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