Embryonic arrhythmia

Skold, A.C., Danielsson, C., Linder, B., and Danielsson, B.R., Teratogenicity of the IKr-blocker cisapride relation to embryonic cardiac arrhythmia, Reprod. Toxicol., 16, 333, 2002. 

Danielsson BR, Danielsson C, Nilsson M (2007) Embryonic cardiac arrhythmia and generaton of reactive oxygen species common... 

Lema, S. C., Schultz, I. R., Scholz, N. L., Incardona, J. R, Swanson, R. (2007) Neural defects and cardiac arrhythmia in fish larvae following embryonic exposure to 2,2, 4,4 -tetrabromodiphenyl ether (RBDE 47). Aquat. Toxicol, 82 296-307. 

Figure 3-3 Original current-clamp recording of a spontaneous beating cardiomyocyte derived from human embryonic stem cells. The cell was superfused with 100 nM E-4031, a potent hERG channel blocker, which lead after an action potential prolongation to early after depolarizations and chaotic electrical behavior at the cellular level (cellular arrhythmia).

Key words Cardiotoxicity, In vitro assays for cardiotoxicity, Cardiac safety, Functional flux assays, Fluorescence-based assays, hERG, Patch clamp, Alternative tests, Microelectrode array, hESC-derived cardiomyocytes, FLIPER, Q-T interval, HEK 293, CHO, Embryonic stem cells, Differentiation, hiPSCs, Drug interaction, Safety pharmacology, ICH guidelines, Arrhythmia... 

As a prerequisite for fine motor control, skeletal muscle fibers are electrically isolated from one another, and, accordingly, do not express either connexin-43 (the major gap junction protein) or N-cadherin (the major adherens protein in cardiac intercalated discs). Asynchronous islands of intramyocardial skeletal muscle can result in lethal arrhythmias in mice [21]. Although cell types such as fetal cardiomyocytes [22] and cardiomyocytes derived from murine or human embryonic stem cells [23] are capable of electromechanical coupling, their clinical use has unfortunately been hampered by technical, ethical, moral, social and legal hurdles. 

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