Embedded nanoparticles route

For the calculations of the optical properties of polymer films with embedded nanoparticles, two routes can be selected. In the exact route, the extinction cross sections Cact(v) of single particles are calculated. The calculated extinction spectra for single particles—or, better, a summation of various excitation spectra for a particle assembly—can be compared with the experimental spectra of the embedded nanoparticles. In the statistic route, an effective dielectric function e(v) is calculated from the dielectric function of the metal e(T) and of the polymer material po(v) by using a mixing formula, the so-called effective medium theory. The optical extinction spectra calculated from the effective dielectric functions by using the Fresnel formulas can be compared with the experimental spectra. 

Jang, Y. H. Xin, X. Byun, M. Jang, Yu J. Lin, Z. Kim, D. H., An Unconventional Route to High-Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells via Embedding Graphitic Thin Films into Ti02 Nanoparticle Photoanode. Nano Letters 2012,12 479-485. 

Several strategies were appUed to produce samples for TEM and kinetic studies [8, 21], but only one route is presented here (Fig. 15.3). Noble metal nanoparticles were grown via metal evaporation on a crystalline soluble substrate (e.g., NaCl(OOl)), leading to an epitaxial growth of particles with regular shape and well-developed low-Miller index facets (Fig. 15.3). Thereafter, the metal particles were embedded in a thin (25 nm) amorphous oxide fdm, before the metal-oxide system was lifted off the substrate via flotation in water [8, 18, 20, 31]. 

Polymer-embedded gold nanoparticles have been extensively studied [1]. Because of unique physical characteristics, gold-polymer nanocomposites are potentially useful for a number of advanced functional applications, especially in the optical and photonic fields. In particular, these materials can be used as light-stable color filters [2], polarizers [3, 4], ultra-low refractive index materials [5], nonlinear optical devices [6], optical sensors [7], and so on. However, still limited are the chemical routes that allow us to obtain monodispersed thiol-derivatized gold nanoparticles with controlled size to be embedded into poly-... 

Silica is an alternative host for lanthanide chelates. Synthesis of nanosized silica particles by well-estabhshed hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosihcate (TEOS) with ammonium hydroxide is a common route for particle preparation. The transparent inert silica material is an excellent matrix for dye-embedded nanolabels as less spectral interferences are expected from the host material. Multiple lanthanide particles have been prepared for bioanalysis. Nanoparticles have been S3Uithesized by hydrolysis of TEOS with ammonium hydroxide in a microemulsion-containing aqueous solution of N,iV,iV, N -[2,6-bis(3 -aminomethyl-l -pyrazolyl)-phenylpyri-dine]tetrakis(acetate)-Tb(in) (BPTA-Tb ) chelate. In the microemulsion, the aqueous phase containing the lanthanide chelate formed nanodroplets acting as nanoreactors for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Since the size of the nanoparticles is dependent on the size of the droplets, it can be controlled, e.g., by the t3q>e of surfactants and by adjusting the concentration of the reactants [42-46],... 

Shanmugam Sangaraju, Viswanathan Balasubramanian, and Varadarajan Thirukkallam Kanthadai. A novel single step chemical route for noble metal nanoparticles embedded organic-inorganic composite films. Mater. Chem. Phys. 95 no. 1 (2006) 51-55. 

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