Elephants analysis

Wittemyer, G., Douglas-Hamilton, I. and Getz, W.M. (2005) The socioecology of elephants analysis of the processes creating multitiered social structures. Anim. Behav. 69, 1357-1371. Wyatt, T.D. (2003) Pheromones and Animal Behaviour Communication by Smell and Taste. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 

More complicated rate expressions are possible. For example, the denominator may be squared or square roots can be inserted here and there based on theoretical considerations. The denominator may include a term k/[I] to account for compounds that are nominally inert and do not appear in Equation (7.1) but that occupy active sites on the catalyst and thus retard the rate. The forward and reverse rate constants will be functions of temperature and are usually modeled using an Arrhenius form. The more complex kinetic models have enough adjustable parameters to fit a stampede of elephants. Careful analysis is needed to avoid being crushed underfoot. 

The supposed human remains were accompanied by flint implements and animal teeth, all of which apparently supported the early date attributed to the find. The flint implements were of a reddish color, matching that of local flints, but spectrographic analysis revealed that they had been artificially stained with chromium and iron salts below the layer of stain there was a white crust, whereas local flints were brown throughout. The animal teeth also seemed to have been "planted" at the burial site so as to suggest an early date the red-brown color of the teeth had also been artificially stained chromium and iron had been found when they were analyzed. A hippopotamus tooth, previously supposed to be contemporary with the tool carved from the elephant s tusk, was also stained with chromium and iron salts and contained little fluorine. 

SPDE/GC-MS and Novel Macros for Analysis of Elephant Urine... 

Use of SPDE/GC-MS for Analysis of African Elephant Urine Headspace... 

Fig. 1. Taxon specificity in crystallin expression, as revealed by SDS-PAGE analysis of lens extracts from mammals (A) and birds (B). Major enzyme crystallins are indicated. In (B) the variability in / 1 (fl) mobility among birds is apparent. [For full species names, see G. Wistow, E. Roquemore, and H. S. Kim, Curr. Eye Res. 10, 313 (1991), and G. Wistow and H. Kim, J. Mol. Evol. 32,262 (1991), from which this figure is adapted.] (A) M, Marker Wb, wallaby Es, elephant shrew Rb, rabbit Mo, mouse Cv, rock cavy. (B) M, Marker Am, merganser Bd, black duck Sf, chimney swift Hb, hummingbird St, starling Sw, bam swallow Rh, rhea Sp, house sparrow Rc, raccoon (a mammal for comparison).

First identified in Asian elephants during a headspace analysis of volatiles collected from secretions of the musth temporal gland of adult males,156 frontalin (52) is a bicyclic ketal, which is structurally reminiscent of the male mouse priming pheromone component 3,4-dehydro-ara-brevicomin (37). Frontalin (52), Z-7-dodecen-l-yl acetate (51), was already known because of its chemosensory role in the insect world it is an aggregation pheromone in bark beetles.157 Interestingly, the ratio of the two enantiomers of frontalin (52) changes with age and stage of musth and elicits different behavioral responses.158... 

Only a limited number of species possess the ability to fix ICRs and acquire drives. Among them the horse, elephant and camel were trained by humans to help them in their hard work, the dog and cat are the most popular pets, while the anthropoid apes, the dolphin and the laboratory rat seem to be especially suitable species for the experimental analysis of fixation of ICRs and the acquisition of drives. We used the rat for this purpose. 

An inherited mutation in NF-1 can lead to neurofibromatosis, a disease primarily of numerous benign, but painful, tumors of the nervous system. The movie Elephant Man was based on an individual who was believed to have this disease. Recent analysis of the patient s remains, however, indicates that he may have suffered from the rare Proteus syndrome, and not neurofibromatosis. 

Turekian KK, Kulp JL (1956) Strontirrm content in human bones. Science 124 405-406 Ttrross N, Behrensmeyer AK, Eanes ED (1989) Strontium increases and crystallinity changes in taphonomic and archaeological bone. J Archaeol Sci 16 661-672 Van der Merwe NJ, Lee-Thorp JA, Thackeray JF, Hall-Martin A, Kmger FJ, Coetzee H, Bell RHV, Lindeque M (1990) Somce-area determination of elephant ivory by isotopic analysis. Nature 346 744-746... 

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