Elements thermodynamic properties

Whitten, K.W. Gailey, K.D. Oxidation-reduction reactions, and electrochemistry. General Chemistry with Qualitative Analysis 2nd Ed. CBS College Publishing Philadelphia, 1984 617-658. Weast, R.C. Astle, M.J. Heat of formation of inorganic oxides, thermodynamic properties of the elements, thermodynamic properties of the oxides, and selected values of chemical thermodynamic... 

E. A. Brandes and R. E. Flint, Manganese Phase Diagrams, The Manganese Centre, Paris, 1980 L. B. Pankratz, Thermodynamic Properties of Elements and Oxides, Bull. 672, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C., 1982. 

Thermodynamic. The thermodynamic properties of elemental plutonium have been reviewed (35,40,41,43—46). Thermodynamic properties of sohd and Hquid Pu, and of the transitions between the known phases, are given in Table 5. There are inconsistencies among some of the vapor pressure measurements of Hquid Pu (40,41,43,44). 

Thermodynamic. Thermodynamic properties of Pu metal, gaseous species, and the aqueous ions at 298 K are given in Table 8. Thermodynamic properties of elemental Pu (44), of alloys (68), and of the gaseous ions Pu", PuO", PuO" 27 PuO 2 (67) have been reviewed, as have those of aqueous ions (64), oxides (69), haUdes (70), hydrides (71), and most other compounds (65). 

The physical and thermodynamic properties of elemental hydrogen and deuterium and of their respective oxides illustrate the effect of isotopic mass differences. 

The values given in the following table for the heats and free energies of formation of inorganic compounds are derived from a) Bichowsky and Rossini, Thermochemistry of the Chemical Substances, Reinhold, New York, 1936 (h) Latimer, Oxidation States of the Elements and Their Potentials in Aqueous Solution, Prentice-Hall, New York, 1938 (c) the tables of the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the National Bureau of Standards and (d) the tables of Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties of the National Bureau of Standards. The reader is referred to the preceding books and tables for additional details as to methods of calculation, standard states, and so on. 

D. R. Stull and G. C. Sinke, Thermodynamic properties of the elements (No. 18, Advances in Chemistry Series), pp. 66-69. American Chemical Society, Washington (1956). 

Steam), and oi er input from CORCON. It contains a library of thermodynamic properties je energies from bich vapor pressures are calculated) for chemical species (mostly elements, oxides, and hydroxide that might be formed by fission products and other melt constituents. 

Schumm, R.H. Wagmann, D.D. Bailey, S. Evans, W.H. Parker, V.B. "Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties" -Table for Lanthanide Elements", NBS-Technical Note 270-7, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1973. 

Vapor pressures of phases in these systems were measured by the Knudsen effusion technique. Use of mass spectrometer-target collection apparatus to perform thermodynamic studies is discussed. The prominent sublimation reactions for these phases below 2000 K was shown to involve formation of elemental plutonium vapor. Thermodynamic properties determined in this study were correlated with corresponding values obtained from theoretical predictions and from previous measurements on analogous intermetallics. 

Equilibrium vapor pressures were measured in this study by means of a mass spectrometer/target collection apparatus. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the pressure of each intermetallic yielded heats and entropies of sublimation. Combination of these measured values with corresponding parameters for sublimation of elemental Pu enabled calculation of thermodynamic properties of formation of each condensed phase. Previ ly reported results on the subornation of the PuRu phase and the Pu-Pt and Pu-Ru systems are correlated with current research on the PuOs and Pulr compounds. Thermodynamic properties determined for these Pu-intermetallics are compared to analogous parameters of other actinide compounds in order to establish bonding trends and to test theoretical predictions. 

Thermodynamic Properties of the Elements" Amer. Soc. for Metals, Metals Park, OH 1973. 

Wicks, C. E. and Block, F. E. "Thermodynamic Properties of 65 Elements - Their Oxides, Halides, Carbides, and Nitrides", Bureau of Mines, Bulletin 605, 1963. 

McBride, B. J., Heimel, S., Ehlers, J. G., Gordon, S., Thermodynamic Properties to 6000 °K. for 210 Substances Involving the First 18 Elements, NASA Scientific Publication SP-3001, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, 1963. 

Although the greatest interest in the chemistry of species containing group-IIA-group-IB element bonds is metallurgical, diatomic molecules containing these bonds have been studied for their spectroscopic and thermodynamic properties. 

Based on thermodynamic property of each element, the behavior of trace metals in the coal combustion process was generally classified into 3 groups as follows ... 

The residual fraction of Zn, Se, Sb and Hg was changed with the rise of temperature. The residual fraction of Zn decreased over 1273 K drastically. And the residual fraction of Se, Sb and Hg was decreased in temperature range of 373-773 K. These results were mostly coincided with the speculated volatility from thermodynamic property of each element mentioned above. 

Weang ZC, Wang LS (1997) Thermodynamic properties of the rare earth element vapor complexes LnAl3Cl12 from Ln = La to Lu. Inorg Chem 36(8) 1536-1540... 

The formalism of the thermodynamics of solutions was described in Chapter 3. In this chapter we shall revisit the topic of solutions and apply statistical mechanics to relate the thermodynamic properties of solutions to atomistic models for their structure. Although we will not give a rigorous presentation of the methods of statistical mechanics, we need some elements of the theory as a background for the solution models to be treated. These elements of the theory are presented in Section 9.1. 

George, J. W., Halides and Oxyhalides of the Elements of Groups Vb and Vlb George, Philip and McClure, Donald S., The Effect of Inner Orbital Splitting on the Thermodynamic Properties of Transition Metal Compounds, and 2 33... 

As already discussed in Section VII.B.2, reactions close to equilibrium are dominated by thermodynamics and the kinetic properties have no, or only little, influence on the elements of the Jacobian matrix. Furthermore, thermodynamic properties are, at least in principle, accessible on a large-scale level [329,330]. In some cases, thermodynamic properties, in conjunction with the measurements of metabolite concentrations described in Section IV, are thus already sufficient to specify some elements of the Jacobian in a quantitative way. 

R. Hultgren, R D. Desai, D. T. Hawkins, M. Gleiser, K. K. Kelley, D. D. Wagman. Selected Values of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Elements. American Society for Metals Metals Park, 1973. 

Wagman, D. D. Evans, W. H. Parker, V. B. Halow, I. Bailey, S. M. Schumm, R. H. "Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties. Tables for the First Thirty-Four Elements in the Standard Order of Arrangement" Nat. Bur. Stand. Tech. Note No. 270-3, January 1968. 

In the last decade, quantum-chemical investigations have become an integral part of modern chemical research. The appearance of chemistry as a purely experimental discipline has been changed by the development of electronic structure methods that are now widely used. This change became possible because contemporary quantum-chemical programs provide reliable data and important information about structures and reactivities of molecules and solids that complement results of experimental studies. Theoretical methods are now available for compounds of all elements of the periodic table, including heavy metals, as reliable procedures for the calculation of relativistic effects and efficient treatments of many-electron systems have been developed [1, 2] For transition metal (TM) compounds, accurate calculations of thermodynamic properties are of particularly great usefulness due to the sparsity of experimental data. 

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