Element Formula

Windaus in 1933 derived the skeletal stmcture of vitamin D2. He found the elemental formula to be The side chain was unequivocally... 

The oligomeric formulas are also known as chemically defined formulas. This class of formulas can be subcategorized based on whether the formula contains all free amino acids (elemental formulas) or peptides (peptide-based) as the protein source. Some of these formulas contain a combination of free amino acids and small peptides. Actually, dipeptides and tripeptides in these formulas are absorbed more efficiently than free amino acids. Oligomeric formulas may be better tolerated than polymeric formulas for patients with defects in GI function and maybe particularly useful in patients with severe pancreatic dysfunction or significantly decreased GI surface area (e.g., short bowel syndrome). 

Historically, elemental formulas designed for renal failure were enriched with essential amino acids (EAAs) and contained lesser amounts of nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) than standard formulas. Theoretically, EAAs could combine with urea nitrogen in the synthesis of NEAAs, thus leading to a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The only situation in which such formulas may be appropriate is in patients with... 

The formulas are listed alphabetically by atoms or by groups (considered as units) and then according to the number of each in turn in the formula rather than by total number of atoms of each element formulas with special isotopes follow... 

Accurate Mass An experimentally determined mass of an ion that is used to determine an elemental formula. For ions containing combinations of the elements C, H, N, O, P, S, and the halogens, with mass less than 200 Da, a measurement with 5 ppm uncertainty is sufficient to uniquely determine the elemental composition. See also related entries on average mass dalton molar mass monoisotopic mass nominal mass unified atomic mass unit. 

Resolution (or resolving power) plays an important role in mass spectrometry for applications requiring the characterization of very similar chemical species. The ability to detect and accurately measure the m/z ratio of a particular ion depends directly on the resolving power of the mass analyzer. For example, if a sample contains two isobaric compounds (i.e., having the same nominal molecular mass but different elemental formulae) the difference in the exact masses of the molecular ions will be much less than 1 m/z unit. Any mass analyzer possessing a nominal resolving power (e.g., RP< 1000) will register only one peak in the mass spectrum of such a binary mixture. Attempts to measure the... 

Achieving high resolving power and high m/z measurement accuracy is one way of decreasing uncertainty when the determination of unknown analyte identity is the object of an experiment. But like many techniques, an increase in experimental or interpretive confidence does not come without some cost (e.g., instrument size, complexity, price, etc.). However, exact m/z measurements (and their associated elemental formula information) are but one type of information that can be derived from mass spectrometers. In the sections that follow, a variety of mass analyzers will be described in terms of their basic principles, functionality and applications. 

Since the monoisotopic signal is the protonated ion, the elemental composition for the API in the counterfeit tablets was therefore determined as C8lTj502N7S3. A computerized search of The Merck Index using the elemental formula suggested the unknown compound to be Famotidine, an active pharmaceutical ingredient widely used in over-the-counter antiulcerative medicine. 

In qualitative analysis, the isotopic distribution remains an important information. For example in the case the parent drug contains Br or Cl, metabolites or decomposition products can be easily identified by considering the isotopic distribution. With accurate mass measurements a list of elemental compositions can be proposed for a compound for a given accuracy range. Because the intensity of the isotopic distribution is also dependent on the elemental composition of the molecule it can be used to reduce the list of possible elemental formulas [17]. 

Experimentally determined mass of an ion that is used to determine an elemental formula. The precision of the measure is indicated in parts per millions (ppm). 

Bristow, A. W. T Accurate mass measurement for the determination of elemental formula - a tutorial. 

CaTbon is the only element that can form bonds with itself indefinitely. Sulfur s practical limit is Sg and nitrogen s limit is around N12.The elemental formula for a i-carat diamond, howeveT, is... 

Elemental formula A notation that uses the atomic symbol and (sometimes) a numerical subscript to denote how atoms are bonded in an element. 

How many atoms are in a sulfur molecule that has the elemental formula S8 ... 

One particular advantage of Slater determinants constructed from orthonormsd spin-orbitals is that matrix elements between determinants over operators such as H sure very simple. Only three distinct cases arise, as is well known and treated elsewhere. It is perhaps not surprising that the simplest matrix element formulas should be obtained from the treatment that exploits symmetry the least, as only the fermion antisymmetry has been accounted for in the determinants. As more symmetry is introduced, the formulas become more complicated. On the other hand, the symmetry reduces the dimension of the problem more and more, because selection rules eliminate more terms. We consider here the spin adaptation of Slater determinants. 

The binary hydrides are compounds that contain hydrogen and just one other element. Formulas and melting points of the simplest hydrides of the main-group elements are listed in Figure 14.2. Binary hydrides can be classified as ionic, covalent, or metallic. 

Fragment Nomenclature, (See Text for Key) Quant Elemental Formula Total MW N, % OB to C02, % Expln Temp, °C Refs... 

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