Elements Flames

Deflagration and detonation flame arresters should be inspected annually until operating experience indicates otherwise. Also, the need for frequent inspection and maintenance may affect the selection of one type of flame arrester over another type for a specific application. For example, a hydraulic (liquid seal) flame arrester may be more suitable than a dry, fixed-element, flame arrester if the latter requires frequent inspecdon and maintenance because of persistent plugging problems. [Pg.128]

Capp, B. 1992. Temperature Rise of a Rigid Element Flame Arrester m Endurance Burning with Propane./. Loss Prev. Process Ind., 5(4), 215-218. [Pg.133]

Hydraulic (Liquid Seal) Flame Arresters Hydraulic (liquid seal) flame arresters are most commonly used in large-pipe-diameter systems where fixed-element flame arresters are either cost-prohibitive or otherwise impractical (e.g., very corrosive gas or where the gas contains solid particles that would quickly plug a conventional arrester element). These arresters contain a liquid, usually water-based, to provide a flame barrier. Figure 23-62 shows one design. Realistic tests are needed to ensure performance, as described in EN 12874 [15]. Note that hydraulic flame arresters may fail at high flow rates, producing a sufficiently high concentration of gas bubbles to allow transmission of flame. This is distinct from the more obvious failure mode caused by failure to maintain adequate liquid level. [Pg.96]

Element Flame AA Graphite Furnace AA ICP Cold Vapor Hg Hydride... [Pg.267]

Element Flame Emission Plasma Emission1 Atomic Absorptionc Colorimetry... [Pg.39]

Flame Photometry. An analytical method suitable for qual and quant detn of about 70 elements, flame photometry is based on the classical flame tests for the alkali and al kaline-earth metals (Na yellow, K purple,... [Pg.433]

ELEMENT FLAME AA HYDRIDE CFAA ICP EMISSION ICPMS... [Pg.302]

Atomic absorption spectrometry is routinely applied to elemental analysis of solutions. Whilst the technique enables, in principle, an analysis of all the elements, traditional equipment can only provide access to a limited wavelength range (190-1000 nm) and does not permit the atomisation of all elements. Flames are unsuitable for the production of atoms, in their fundamental state, of elements such as halogens, gases (H, O, N, rare gases, etc.) or those with an extremely low atomisation yield, such as P, S. refractory elements, etc. [Pg.51]

Element Flame test Hardness (Mohs scale) Melting Point (°C) Boiling Point ( C) Density (g/cm ) Atomic radius (pm)... [Pg.143]

Element Flame AA Electrothermal AA Flame Emission ICP Emission ICP-MS... [Pg.864]

For most elements, flame emission analysis requires the elimination or recognition of spectral interferences and excitation problems, which can usually be ignored in atomic absorption. [Pg.222]

Element Flame AA Hg/ hydride Graphite furnace ICP emission ICP-MS... [Pg.445]

Simplex optimisation of the overall response of a simultaneous multi-element flame atomic absorption spectrometer (air to fuel ratio, slit width, height above the burner head, and four hollow cathode lamp currents). Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were measured. [Pg.240]

W. N. L. dos Santos, J. V. S. Santos, L. O. B. Laiana, A. S. Araujo, V. A. Lemos, M. Miro and S. L. C. Ferreira, On-line simultaneous preconcentration procedure for the determination of cadmium and lead in drinking water employing sequential multi-element flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 2011, 91(15), 1425-1435. [Pg.259]

Determination of cadmium, lead and nickel by simultaneous multi element flame atomic absorption spectrometry in burned and unburned Venezuelan crude oils, Talanta, 47, 261-66. [Pg.139]

Element Flame AA Hg/Hydride CFAA ICP-OES ICP-MS Element Flame AA Hg/Hydride CFAA ICP-OES ICP-MS 3 CfQ... [Pg.247]

Element Flame AA GFAA Hydride AA Element Flame AA GFAA Hydride AA... [Pg.39]

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