Elemental trace analysis

Morrison GH (1979) Elemental trace analysis of biological materials. CRC Critical Rev Anal Chem 10 287-320. 

Applications ICP-MS has become the technique of choice for the determination of elements in a wide range of liquid samples at concentrations in the ng L 1 to [igL-1 range. Typical applications of ICP-MS are multi-element analysis of liquids (even with high solid contents) element speciation by hyphenation to chromatographic techniques continuous on-line gas analysis multi-element trace analysis of polymers and trace analysis in high-purity materials. ICP-MS is routinely used for quality control purposes. 

J.W. "Elemental Trace Analysis of Small Samples by Proton Induced X-ray Emission" Anal Chem, 1975, 855. 

Johansson, T. B., R. E. Van Grieken, J. W. Nelson, and J. W. Winchester, Elemental Trace Analysis of Small Samples by Proton Induced X-Ray Emission, Anal. Chem., 47, 855-860 (1975). 

For measurements of isotope ratios or isotope abundances, any of the mass spectrometers discussed in the previous chapters, such as SSMS, LIMS, GDMS56 and LA-ICP-MS,6 are of benefit for the direct isotope analysis of solid samples. SSMS and LIMS are rarely applied in isotope analysis due to their relatively low precision. Several applications of the isotope dilution technique as a calibration strategy in SSMS, mostly on geological samples, are known.57-59 GDMS has been mostly applied in multi-element trace analysis and depth profiling and plays only a minor role... 

Selected applications of inorganic mass spectrometry for the multi-element trace analysis of semiconducting materials are summarized in Table 9.12. 

Multi-element trace analysis is an important prerequisite for the quality assurance of foodstuffs with respect to the characterization of non-essential, toxic and essential (nutrient) elements as pollutions or as mineral elements relevant to health. Contamination with heavy metals such as Cd, Pb or Hg has become a serious problem with increasing environmental (artificial) contamination e.g., due to industrial pollution. The increasing use of inorganic mass spectrometric techniques (especially of ICP-MS) in the analysis of foodstuffs for multi-element analysis of trace elements or the detection of selected elements and species at a low concentration level has resulted from advances in very sensitive and quantitative measurements of metals, metalloids and several non-metals, including their speciation. 

Synchrotron storage rings, for instance, are able to provide an extremely high flux of nearly monochromatic X-radiation on a small sample area. They could form the basis of XRF set-ups and enhance other microana-lytical methods to provide accurate determinations. In the future they could serve as a reference method for elemental trace analysis on the microscopical level (with the quality of the random number generator, a non-SI concept, as the prime source of error). 

J. M. Marchante-Gayon, C. Sariego Muniz, J. I. Garcia Alonso, A. Sanz-Medel, Multi-elemental trace analysis of biological materials using double focusing inductively coupled plasma mass detection, Anal. Chim. Acta, 400 (1999), 307-320. 

Four techniques based on mass spectrometry are widely used for multi-elemental trace analysis of inorganic compounds in a wide range of sample types. These techniques are thermal ionization (TI), spark source (SS), glow discharge (GD) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry. In these techniques, atomization and ionization of the analysed sample are accomplished by volatilization from a heated surface, attack by electrical discharge, rare-gas ion sputtering and vaporization in a hot flame produced by inductive coupling. 

Table 6.9 Examples of enzymatic extraction in element trace analysis...

Elemental Trace Analysis in Studies of Food Products... 

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