Electrostatic charge interactions

The energy of solvation can be further broken down into terms that are a function of the bulk solvent and terms that are specifically associated with the first solvation shell. The bulk solvent contribution is primarily the result of dielectric shielding of electrostatic charge interactions. In the simplest form, this can be included in electrostatic interactions by including a dielectric constant k, as in the following Coulombic interaction equation ... 

Staniforth JN, Rees JE. 1982. Electrostatic charge interactions in ordered powder mixes. J. Pharm. Pharmac. 34 69 76. 

Singh MP, Stefko J, Lumpkin JA, and Rosenblatt J. The effect of electrostatic charge interactions on release rates of gentamicin from collagen matrices. Pharm. Res. 1995 12(8) 1205-1210. 

Peart, J. Staniforth, J.N. Meakin, B.J. Electrostatic charge interactions in pharmaceutical dry powder aerosols. Inst. Phys. Conf Ser. 1995, 143 (Electrostatics 1995), 271-274. 

LBL deposition takes advantages of the electrostatic charge interactions between the different layers, such as polyanion and polycation. The LBL technique is easy to perform and allows controlling the thickness of the resulting layer with molecular precision. Polyelectrolytes are hydrophilic, hence a... 

The most elementary mean-field models of electronic structure introduce a potential that an electron at r would experience if it were interacting with a spatially averaged electrostatic charge density arising from the N- 1 remaining electrons ... 

Particularly in polar solvents, electrostatic charges usually have an important contribution to tire particle interactions. We will first discuss tire ion distribution near a single surface, and tlien tire effect on interactions between two colloidal particles. 

Electrostatic terms other than the simple charge interactions above are commonly included in molecular mechanics calculations. particularly dipole-dipole interactions. More recently, second-order electrostatic interactions like those describing polarizability have been added to some force fields. 

MM+ calculations do not usually have an electrostatic charge-charge interaction nor define a set of atomic charges for atoms. 

For examining the interactions between molecules, use electrostatic charges. 

The OPLS form of electrostatic interactions is that of equation (26) on page 179. That is, it uses a charge-charge interaction just like AMBER. However, since the nonbonded potentials were developed... 

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