Electrospraying and electrospinning by the capillary method

Electrospraying in which the primary break-up process (as well as any subsequent droplet division) occurs as a direct result of electrostatic forces is often referred to as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) atomization, and tends to 

As surface charge on the jet increases (by raising the flow rate or the applied voltage to increase current), the axisymmetric break-up mode 

2 Typical set-up for electrospraying/electrospinning by the capillary method. The inset is an example of a pendant droplet, distorted by the electric field, and the emitted jet (adapted from Ref. 9). 

If the charged droplets from any electrospraying process evaporate sufficiently rapidly, they may undergo further disruption and division after the initial break-up, since the shrinking droplets (both parent and daughter droplets) will repeatedly attain the threshold charge for electrostatic Rayleigh 

Electrospinning of fibers from polymer solutions is usually carried out by the capillary method of Fig. 1.2. In a typical experiment, a pendant droplet of the polymer solution at the capillary tip is subject to the electric field created by the potential difference between the capillary and a grounded collector. Although polymer solutions are subject to the same 

---