Charge threshold

Figure 9. Computed NPA-derived heavy atom charges (b charges related to the neutral compound in parentheses) for carbocations. [Dark circles are roughly proportional to the magnitude of C charges, and white circles to N charges threshold was set to 0.030]. Figure adapted from reference 27.

Volume of vessel (free volume V) Shape of vessel (area and aspect ratio) Type of dust cloud distribution (ISO method/pneumatic-loading method) Dust explosihility characteristics Maximum explosion overpressure P ax Maximum explosion constant K ax Minimum ignition temperature MIT Type of explosion suppressant and its suppression efficiency Type of HRD suppressors number and free volume of HRD suppressors and the outlet diameter and valve opening time Suppressant charge and propelling agent pressure Fittings elbow and/or stub pipe and type of nozzle Type of explosion detector(s) dynamic or threshold pressure, UV or IR radiation, effective system activation overpressure Hardware deployment location of HRD suppressor(s) on vessel... 

The effect of traps on charge carrier motion does not become noticeable until the trap concentration reaches a threshold value. One can define a critical concentration Ci/2 at which the mobility has decreased to one half of the value of the trap-free system. Eq. (12.19) predicts that. ... 

Several studies have shown that the shock sensitivity of granular expls depends on expl particle size. The consensus is that the threshold shock pressure to initiate detonation in a given expl is less for large particles than for small particles. However, the converse is true when one considers run-up distances (or run-up times) to detonation. Thus at some pressure above the threshold for both large and small particles, run-up to detonation is smaller for small particle charges than for large particle charges... 

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