Electrons as Reagents for Oxidation and Reduction

At the cathode, where electrons (e ) are pumped into the system and where reduction occurs, reduction of water occnrs, releasing H2 

FIGURE 14.15 Apparatus for electrolysis in which a direct current of electricity is passed through a reaction medium, in this case water with a dissolved salt to make it electrically conducting reduction occurs when electrons are added to the medinm at the cathode, and oxidation occurs when they are removed at the anode. Electrolysis is a reagent-free way of doing oxidation and reduction. 

FIGURE 14.16 Pressurized hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of high-pressure water in an underground electrolysis apparatus the electricity required is provided by generators powered by wind, and the hydrogen pressure is used to power a turbine. 

The anthrosphere, its activities, and its products are major potential sources of hazards from dangerous and toxic materials. Various countries have laws and regulations to protect workers and people in surrounding areas from such hazards. In the United States, the 1970 Occupational Safety and Health Act is designed to maintain a work environment free from safety and health hazards. Such hazards may include exposure to toxicants, ionizing radiation, and microwave radiation fire hazards explosives hazards unsanitary conditions excessive noise temperature stresses and mechanical dangers. 

Chemical hazards in the workplace may be classified into several major categories including the following  

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