Electronic energy transport

Luminescence and electronic energy transport characteristics of supramolecular [M(18-crown- 4 MnBr4][TlBr4]2 (M = Rb, K) complexes (see Figure 12) were studied in the expectation that [MnBr4] ions would be effective luminescent probes for solid state (18-crown-6) rotation-conformational... 

Rieger P. T., Palese S. P. and Miller R. J. D. (1997), On the Forster model computational and ultrafast studies of electronic energy transport , Chem. Phys. 221, 85-102. 

Kulak L and Bojarski C 1995 Forward and reverse electronic-energy transport and trapping in solution 1. Theory Chem. Phys. 191 43-66... 

Electronic Energy Transport in Vinyl Aromatic Polymers... 

Given this set of properties, the technological potential for graphene is enormous, and it is expected to revolutionize many industries to include electronics, energy, transportation, medicine/biotechnology, and aeronautics. However, before this revolution can begin to be realized, economical and reliable methods for the mass production of graphene must be devised. 

Ubiquinones function within the mitochondria of cells to mediate the respiration process in which electrons are transported from the biological reducing agent NADH to molecular oxygen. Through a complex series of steps, the ultimate result is a cycle whereby NADH is oxidized to NAD+, O2 is reduced to water, and energy is produced. Ubiquinone acts only as an intermediary and is itself unchanged. 

In a fluid model the correct calculation of the source terms of electron impact collisions (e.g. ionization) is important. These source terms depend on the EEDF. In the 2D model described here, the source terms as well as the electron transport coefficients are related to the average electron energy and the composition of the gas by first calculating the EEDF for a number of values of the electric field (by solving the Boltzmann equation in the two-term approximation) and constructing a lookup table. 

The fluid model is a description of the RF discharge in terms of averaged quantities [268, 269]. Balance equations for particle, momentum, and/or energy density are solved consistently with the Poisson equation for the electric field. Fluxes described by drift and diffusion terms may replace the momentum balance. In most cases, for the electrons both the particle density and the energy are incorporated, whereas for the ions only the densities are calculated. If the balance equation for the averaged electron energy is incorporated, the electron transport coefficients and the ionization, attachment, and excitation rates can be handled as functions of the electron temperature instead of the local electric field. 

Methods that compensate for nonequilibrium effects in the situation of E-parametrized coefficients are very complicated, and are sometimes not firmly grounded. Because the electron temperature also gives reasonable results without correction methods, the rate and transport coefficients were implemented as a function of the electron energy, as obtained from the PIC calculations presented in Figure 25. 

FIGURE 3.11 Core definition. After redistribution of energy at the molecular scale, core size is suggested by the distance at which energy transported by secondary electrons just exceeds that due to every other channel (see text for details). From Mozumder and La Verne (1987). 

Strongly fluorescent molecules are suitable for these energy-transport functions. Because fluorescence is usually quenched by dimerisation [32,33], the design must be such that the chromophores do not electronically interact with each other. Both heads and labels can be fluorescent, depending on the needs. Fluorescent labels have the advantage of being protected by the zeolite frame-... 

The respiratory chain is one of the pathways involved in oxidative phosphorylation (see p. 122). It catalyzes the steps by which electrons are transported from NADH+H or reduced ubiquinone (QH2) to molecular oxygen. Due to the wide difference between the redox potentials of the donor (NADH+H or QH2) and the acceptor (O2), this reaction is strongly exergonic (see p. 18). Most of the energy released is used to establish a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane (see p. 126), which is then ultimately used to synthesize ATP with the help of ATP synthase. 

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