Electronic assemblies methods, specifications

In the following we will focus on three molecular electronics test beds as developed and employed for applications at electrified solid/liquid interfaces (1) STM and STS, (2) assemblies based on horizontal nanogap electrodes, and (3) mechanically-controlled break junction experiments. For a more detailed description of the methods we refer to several excellent reviews published recently [16-22]. We will also address specific aspects of electrolyte gating and of data analysis. 

Generally speaking, there are two ways by which molecular electronics is to be realized. The first employs a molecular component system consisting of different molecules with different functions. These molecules are expected to act cooperatively and form a device. In this system, the point is how to assemble different molecules in a desired manner and how to endow the molecular assemblies with the specific functions that are aimed at. The alternative method relies on a supramolecular system that takes advantage of the multiple functions of the supermolecules. The functions of this system depend not only on the relative arrangement of the supermolecule in the material but also on the position of each functional unit in the supermolecule, which stresses the importance of the molecular design and its synthesis. The more sophisticated way would be to fabricate the materials consisting of different supermolecules, which is yet to be realized. 

Specific aspects of the quantum chemical concept of local electron densities and functional groups of chemistry have been discussed, with emphasis on the Additive Fuzzy Density Fragmentation (AFDF) Principle, on the Adjustable Density Matrix Assembler (ADMA) Method of using a local density matrix formalism of fuzzy electron density fragments in macromolecular quantum chemistry, and on the fundamental roles of the holographic electron density theorem, local symmetry, and symmetry deficiency. 

Microelectronics became a reality with the invention of the transistor and the advent of the space age that necessitated drastic scaling down. Electronics had until tliat time employed techniques and methods some of wliiclr in principle, are still used in some branches of engineering. Specifically, circuit components were combined on a circuit board in accordance with a pre-designed assembly plan. As we are discussing here the period before micro-... 

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