Electron transport schematic

Figure 9. Schematic diagrams of (A) parallel-band electrode,141 142 (B) sandwiched electrode,139 140 and (C) rotating-disk voltammetry60 143 methods for making in situ electron transport measurements on polymer films.

Fig. 3-4 Electron transport process schematic, showing coupled series of oxidation-reduction reactions that terminate with the reduction of molecular oxygen to water. The three molecules of ATP shown are generated by an enzyme called ATPase which is located in the cell membrane and forms ATP from a proton gradient created across the membrane.

Tazuke and Kitamura162 reported the first example of an artificial photosynthetic system based on electron transport sensitization, although the product was not a hydrocarbon, but rather formic acid. Their system is shown schematically in Fig. 17. In this system, the photochemically generated singlet excited state of an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as pyren (Py) or perylene (Pe), was... 

Figure 9. Schematic of electron transport at metal-pyrazoline cross-linked polymer interfaces...

Fig. 2.7 Schematic representation of electrochemical processes (reduction) for organic solids able to experience coupled proton transport/electron transport processes...

Fig. 20 Schematic representation of a two-terminal device. The scattering region (enclosed in the dashed-line frame) with transmission probability T(E) is connected to semi-infinite left (L) and right (R) leads which end in electronic reservoirs (not shown) at chemical potentials Eu and r, kept fixed at the same value p for linear transport. By applying a small potential difference electronic transport will occur. The scattering region or molecule may include in general parts of the leads (shaded areas) (adapted from [105] with permission Copyright 2002 by Springer)...

Structure of a mitochondrion showing schematic representation of the electron transport chain and ATP synthesizing structures on the inner membrane. mtDNA = mitochondrial DNA mtRNA = mitochondrial RNA. 

Fig. 20.8 Schematic models of electron transport in mesoporous Ti02 electrodes.

Figure 17. Schematic representation for two-step activation of electron transport across a vesicle wall. ZnP is octadecyl-pyridiniumyltris(4-pyridyl)porphyrinatozinc(II) cation. DBA is 1,3-dibutylalloxazine, AQDS is 9,10-anthroquinone-2,6-disulfonate (reproduced from ref. 328)...

If Af particles are hydrophobic enough, they can penetrate through the membrane and transfer the electron to the ultimate acceptor k2 in the water phase outside the vesicle. The electron transport in the systems like those is schematically shown in Fig. 4c (in this figure MB stands for the methylene blue and ZnTMPyP4+ — for tetramethylpyridiniumporphyrinatozinc(II)). Note that owing to the efficient suppression of S+ and Ajf recombination because of fast irreversible reduction of S+ (under experimental conditions of Refs. [80,81] ks[D]in > kr[Af]in), the quantum yield of PET across the membrane is equal to that of Af generation ... 

Figure 8.8 Schematic diagram showing SECM measurement of lateral (in-plane) and cross-film electron transport properties in multilayer polymer/nanoparticle films.30 (Reprinted with permission from V. Ruiz et al., Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 1459-1462. Copyright 2003 American Chemical Society.)...

Fig. 3.5. Schematic representation of the electron transport through (a) spherical particles and (b) nanorods.

Photoinduced electron transport and the coupled phosphorylation reactions as they are postulated to occur in chloroplasts are presented schematically in Figure 2. Not all investigators agree on the details of this scheme, and some even question the sequence of the intermediates. The numbers and locations of the phosphorylation sites also remain to be identified precisely. However, the scheme is a reasonable approximation based on available information. Reactions that occur in the light are represented by the open arrows and the solid arrows represent electron transfers that occur in the dark. 

Figure 2. Schematic of photoinduced electron transport and phosphorylation reactions considered to occur in chloroplast lamellae [from Moreland and Hilton (2)]. Open arrows indicate light reactions solid arrows indicate dark reactions and the narrow dashed line represents the cyclic pathway. Abbreviations used PS I, photosystem I PS II, photosystem II Y, postulated electron donor for photosystem II Q, unknown primary electron acceptor for photosystem II PQ, plastoquinones cyt b, b-type cytochromes cyt f, cytochrome f PC, plastocyanin P700, reaction center chlorophyll of photosystem I FRS, ferredoxin-reducing substance Fd, ferredoxin Fp, ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase FeCy, ferricyanide asc, ascorbate and DPIP, 2,6-dichloropheno-lindophenol. The numbers la, lb, 2, 3, and 4 indicate postulated sites of action by...

Fig. 13. Possible sign combinations involving the sign of the surface charge at the metal—oxide interface and the sign of the charge of the field-driven mobile species originating at the metal—oxide interface, together with schematic diagrams of the concentration profiles for the mobile species, (a) Field-driven cation interstitial (or anion vacancy) transport (b) Field-driven electron transport.

Fig. 5.6. Schematic drawing of a bulk heterojunction device. Charge generation occurs throughout the bulk, but the quality of the two transport networks (p-and n-type channels) is essential for the functionality of the blend as an intrinsic, ambipolar semiconductor. Light emission occurs at the semi-transparent ITO electrode. Electron transport on the fullerenes is marked by full arrows and hole transport along the polymer by dotted arrows...

Fig. 14-2 Schematic organization of the electron-transport chain in mitochondria.

This final reaction accounts for most of the known oxygen consumption by aerobic organisms. The cascade of redox reactions that couples the oxidation of organic substrates to reduction of molecular oxygen in biological systems is called electron transport, and is often presented schematically as shown in Figure 14-1. When substrates are oxidized by such a system, the rate and extent of substrate oxidation is directly dependent on, and can be measured by, the decrease in concentration of molecular oxygen, as will be done in this experiment. 

Figure 14-4 Schematic representation of electron transport in mitochondria.

Figure 4.8 Schematic representation some of the elements of a generalised multilayer organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with direct addressing. The thin metallic cathode segments are connected directly to the electron-transport layer (ETL). The impermeable encapsulation is not shown.

Schematic representation of a bilayer OLED using low-molar-mass materials incorporating a combined hole-transport and emission layer and an electron-transport layer situated between a transparent anode and a cathode.

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of an apparatus for measuring transmembrane oxidation-reduction in a planar bilayer membrane. The mechanism described is simple carrier-mediated electron transport. D = aqueous electron donor A = aqueous electron acceptor ...

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