Electron cloud density

Nonpolar molecules such as heptane and PE are attracted to each other by weak London or dispersion forces that result from induced dipole-dipole interactions. The temporary or transient dipoles are due to instantaneous fluctuations in the electron cloud density. The energy range of these forces is fairly constant and about 8 kJ/mol. This force is independent of temperature and is the major force between chains in largely nonpolar polymers, for example, those in classical elastomers and soft plastics such as PE. 

The electron clouds of the s orbital (or probability distribution of finding the electron) has spherical symmetry. The s orbital is the shape of a sphere, in which the electron cloud density becomes less dense from the center outward, and the nucleus is at the center. Look at the figure above right. 

In the first case, to the electron cloud densities of the two atoms is added the cloud density, 2 p(a u) of the transition structure corresponding to... 

Embedded Atom potentials [95]. These are designed for simulations of metals and incorporate a simplified approximation of the local electron cloud density due to the presence of neighboring atoms. 

In the crystal cell, there are 32 oxygen atoms located in the 43m, half of Fe + in the interspace of tetrahedron with 8a43m and the other half Fe + and 8 of Fe + in the interspace of octahedron with 16d3m. Software of Rietveld analysis is Rietica. In determining the parameters of oxygen, electron-cloud density determination is used after taking off the contribution of metal atoms on scattering. 

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