Electromechanical analogies

Elastic capacitors (Section II) are very useful as electromechanical analogs of microscopic interfacial capacitors [22,31,34], But most importantly, they demonstrate that nega-... 

The electromechanical analogy indicates that e( ) can be identified with I(t) (electrical intensity of current) and electrical voltage). Therefore, se s) and d(j ) correspond, respepctively, to I s) and V s) so that the mechanical admittance can be written as... 

Can acoustic phenomena be described by electrical circuits Yes, they can, by means of the electromechanical analogy, that maps forces onto voltages... 

The electromechanical analogy provides for simple equivalents of a resistor, an inductance, and a capacitance, which are the dashpot (quantified by the drag coefficient, p), the point mass (quantified by the mass, mp), and the spring (quantified by the spring constant, /cp). The ratio of force and speed is the mechanical impedance, Z - For a dashpot, the impedance by definition is... 

There is a pitfall with the application of the electromechanical analogy, which has to do with how we draw networks. When a spring pulls onto a dashpot, we would usually draw the two elements in series. However, when applying the electromechanical analogy, we have to draw the two elements in parallel. For two parallel electrical elements the currents are additive. Since... 

Fig. 14 Simplified Mason circuit (a) close to Fig. 13d. Since tan(fcqfiq) is large close to the resonance and, further, since this element is in parallel to the small load AZl, it may be neglected, b Close to resonance we have cot(fcqfiq 0) and the element - 2L4Zq cot(fcqfiq) can be approximated by a spring, a mass, and a dashpot. c Using the electromechanical analogy, the spring, the mass, and the dashpot may also be represented as a motional capacitance, Ci, a motional inductance, L, and a motional resistance, R ...

Electromechanical analog switches exhibit some very desirable characteristics. They have essentially zero resistance when the contacts are closed and infinite resistance when they are open. They can handle a range of many orders of magnitude of voltage and current of either polarity. They also have, as might be expected, some undesirable characteristics. First, the contacts bounce whenever they are opened or closed. This can result in noise that must be filtered out. Mercury-wetted contacts can lessen bounce noise, but do not eliminate it. Second, electromechanical switches are rather slow in switching the faster ones take 1 msec or so to open or close. 

The key provision of the Kron approach is the application of the rearrangement matrix [A]. The distinguishing feature of this matrix is that it is constructed using the specific regularities typical of circuits, Kirchhoffs law in particular. Application of the Kron approach to the theory of elasticity is defined by the possibility of forming the rearrangement matrix [A]. For this purpose it is necessary to introduce a network model of an elastic body. Such a model can be based on the electromechanical analogy. The method of formation of the network model and the matrix [A] are described in [180]. 

Now, using the presented propositions and electromechanical analogies, an approach to non-Newtonian behaviors and to electroviscoelasticity is to be introduced. If Equation (15.13) is applied to the droplet when it is stopped, for example, as a result of an interaction with some periodical physical field, the term on the left-hand side becomes equal to zero. 

FIGURE 3.16 Schematic illustration of the electromechanical analogy of stress relaxation. 

Ref. 18 further elaborates on the meaning of the load impedance and the electromechanical analogy. SLA is applicable to a wide range of samples. That certainly includes the Sauerbrey film. For the Sauerbrey film, the stress is mf —a/uo), where njf is the mass per unit are, uo is the oscillation amplitude, and -a> uo is acceleration. The speed, u, is given as i >uo. Inserting these relations, one finds the Sauerbrey equation (A/ = recovered. 

The developed bimorph beam model of IPMC was validated using the finite element method (FEM) and the used software was MSC/NASTRAN. As the software does not directly support the electromechanical coupling, the thermal analogy technique as described in [Lim et al. (2005) Taleghani and Campbell (1999)] was used. The simulated versus measured force-displacement relationship of an IPMC actuator is shown in Fig. 2.39. The relative errors for A = 0 between the calculated values and the measured data for 2V and 3V are 2.8% and 3.7%, respectively. The equivalent Young s moduli estimated from the equivalent beam model and the equivalent bimorph beam model are 1.01 GPa and 1.133-1.158 GPa, respectively, which are very close. However, the values from the equivalent beam model... 

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