Electromagnetic traps

Paul, W. Electromagnetic Traps for Charged and Neutral Particles, in Nobel Prize Lectures in Physics 1981-1990, World Scientific Publishing Singapore, 1993 pp. 601-622. 

Paul, W. (1990). Electromagnetic traps for charged and neutral particles. Rev. Mod. Phys. 62, 531-540. 

Q-TOF) and quadrupole FTMS (Q-FTMS), significantly increases the specificity and sensitivity of LC-MS and provides for the analysis of highly complex mixtures. This idea has existed in the FTMS community for some time and was recently achieved by the Smith [95] and Marshall Laboratories [96]. The Q-FTMS hybrid allows for greatly enhanced dynamic range via gas-phase selection and concentration of analyte in a quadrupole trap, with subsequent high-resolution MS and MS/MS analysis in FT electromagnetic trap. 

Figure 9. (a) Diagram of the hyperbolic electromagnetic trap for levitating microdroplets in a laser beam. (b) Optical arrangement for single-molecule detection in microdroplets lens, L beam splitter, BS polarizer, P trap, T microscope objective, O optical filters, F spatial filter, SF photomultiplier, PMT desiccant chamber, D. (Adopted from [51].)... 

Fischer, S.L. Ions in electromagnetic traps. Ph.D. thesis, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina (1995). [electronic] http //webphysics.davidson.edu/Projects/SuFischer/thesis.html... 

Scientists at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology measured a force of 174 yN exerted by a weak electric field on a vibrating crystal of 60 Be ions cooled to 0.5 mK in an electromagnetic trap. (M. J. Biercuk et al., arXiv.org 1004.0780v3 [quant-ph] 24 Apr 2010.)... 

PhUlipe WD, Prodan JV, Metcalf HJ. (1985) Laser cooUng and electromagnetic trapping of nentral atoms. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2 1751-1767. DaUbard J, Cohen-Tannondji C. (1985) Dressed-atom approach to atomic motion in lasr hght The dipole force revisted. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2 1701 1720. 

The list of applications of the methods of electromagnetic trapping of cold atoms and molecules will certainly grow fast and expand into different fields of science. In the coming years we should see many productive marriages of trapping techniques with many advanced fields of science and technology. 

Paul W (1990) Electromagnetic traps for charged and neu tral particles (Nobel Lecture). Angewandte Chemie 29 739 748. 

---