Bolaform electrolytes

Rather more complex compounds that are currently being researched are the bolaform electrolytes [2-4]. Bolaform electrolytes are organic compounds possessing two cationic or two anionic groups linked by a flexible hydrocarbon chain the terminal groups may be aliphatic or aromatic (e.g. as in 10.1). Their interaction with sulphonated monoazo dyes in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as substrate has been studied in detail. However, it remains to be seen what commercial developments take place with these interesting... 

It should not be overlooked that electrolytes can play an important part in levelling and retardation. In recent times the use of bolaform electrolytes (section 10.1), cyclodextrins (section 10.3.1) and liposomes (section 10.3.4) as complexing agents has been proposed. 

Anionic polymerization Initiated by electron transfer (e.g., sodium-naphthalene and styrene In THF) usually produces two-ended living polymers. Such species belong to a class of compounds called bolaform electrolytes (27) In which two Ions or Ion pairs are linked together by a chain of atoms. Depending on chain length, counterion end solvent, Intramolecular Ionic Interactions can occur which in turn may affect the dissociation of the ion pairs Into free ions or the llgand-lon pair complex formation constants. 

The association characteristics of antibacterial agents, dequalinium acetate (VII) and chlorhexidine acetate (VIII) are of interest since these compounds have structures resembling those of the bolaform electrolytes, that is, they are symmetrical molecules with two charge centres separated at a relatively large distance. 

---