Electrodes for low-temperature

Liu Y and Liu M. Porous electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells fabricated by a combustion spray process. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2004 87 2139-2142. 

Fuel Processing and Electrodes for Low-Temperature Fuel Cell Systems," J.C. Frost, Johnson- Matthey Technology Centre, Reading, England, European Fuel Cell News, April... 

Bonding, at protein interfaces, 313-315 Buffer electrodes, for low-temperature isoelectric focusing, 144 treatment effects on properties of, 235... 

Schulze M, Christenn C (2005) XPS investigation of the PTFE induced hydrophobic properties of electrodes for low temperature fuel cells. Appl Surf Sci 252 148-153... 

In preparing the electrodes for low-temperature fuel cells that use membrane electrolytes, a polymer binder is essential to bind discrete catalyst particles to form a porous catalyst layer that simultaneously facilitates the transfer of ions, electrons, and reactants/products. Firstly, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was used... 

Hydrogen technical electrodes for low temperature fuel cells such as AFCs, PAFCs and PEFCs are porous gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) [4]. These electrodes have a large area reaction zone with minimum mass transport hindrances, thus allowing the easy access of... 

The main preparation methods for H2 technical electrodes for low temperature fuel cells have been examined. It has been demonstrated that the electrochemical behavior of the electrodes depends on their fabrication, thus affecting the fuel cell operation. The preparation of the catalyst of the active layer also influences its physical properties and electrochemical performance. Different electrochemical approaches to study HOR on model, as a first approximation, and technical electrodes, are exhaustively analyzed and their kinetic parameters are discussed to evaluate their performance and system modelling. The existence of a gap between the knowledge obtained from studies on model electrodes and technical electrodes is emphasized. To optimize the performance of practical fuel cell electrodes, the preparation of high surface area catalysts with the same characteristics as those shown at the atomic level then seems necessary. In this sense, mechanistic studies are fimdamental to... 

The ORR is a major source of efficiency loss in a PEMFC, but it is not the only source of the so-called overpotential. In general, there are also resistive and mass transport losses. The resistive losses are associated with the finite conductivities of the electrolyte and the electrodes and the contact resistance losses at the plate and GDL interfaces, whereas mass transport losses are associated with the lack of adequate fuel or air reaching the reaction sites within the electrode. For low-temperature PEMFC systems that operate below the boiling point of water, mass transport losses are primarily due to the buildup of liquid water in the electrode or gas diffusion layer (referred to as flooding ). Mass transport losses are also associated with the tortuous pathways that exist in the porous electrodes and the GDL. Reducing all of these sources of potential losses is important for achieving the highest possible efficiency. 

Schmitz, A., Wagner, S., Hahn, R., Uzun, H. and Hebling, C. (2004) Stability of plemar PEMFC in printed circuit board technology. J. Power Sources 127,197-205 Schulze, M. and Christenn, C. (2005) XPS investigation of the PTEE induced hydrophobic properties of electrodes for low temperature fuel cells. Appl. Surf. Sd. 252, 148-153 Schulze, M., Gtilzow, E. and Steinlulber, G. (2001) Activation of nickel-anodes for eilkaline fuel cells. Appl. Surf. Sd. 179, 251-256... 

The temperature change also influences the resistance of the glass membrane in the electrode. This value doubles for every 7 °C decrease in temperature therefore, it is normally recommended to use a low-resistance glass electrode for low-temperature measurements. However, this will inhibit the measurement in a full pH range it is normally limited to the pH of 0-11. 

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