Electrodeposition fluorescence

Figure 37. Experimental results and least-squares fits of data (solid lines) for a Pt/C LSM covered with an electrodeposited layer of copper and an adsorbed layer of iodine. Topmost curve IL fluorescence middle curve copper Ka fluorescence bottom curve reflectivity.

Chong et al. [742] have described a multielement analysis of multicomponent metallic electrode deposits, based on scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence detection, followed by dissolution and ICP-MS detection. Application of the method is described for determination of trace elements in seawater, including the above elements. These elements are simultaneously electrodeposited onto a niobium-wire working electrode at -1.40 V relative to an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and subjected to energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. Internal standardisation... 

The combination of preconcentration by electrodeposition with stripping by voltammetry is probably the most sensitive electroanalytical method in common use today. Consequently, this popular technique is discussed in more detail in Chapter 24. Preconcentration of material by an electrode reaction has been used in sample preparation for atomic absorption, neutron activation, x-ray fluorescence, microprobe, and several other spectroscopic techniques. 

Fig. 8.8 Optical images (at an active zone I) of isolated silver clusters electrodeposited onto ITO by means of the double-pulse method ( i = —1,550 mV 2 = —VOO mV, 25 s) [37] (a) Scanning confocal microscopy image (topography mode), (b) Raman/fluorescence image of the same sample area, (c) SEM image corresponding to (a) and (b)...

To develop a new substrate satisfying all these requirements, workers in those labs have investigated secondaiy resist doses due to electrons and fluorescence, resist adhesion before exposure, loss of fine features during extended development, and the nucleation and adhesion of electrodeposits for various substrate materials. The result of these studies is a new anodized aluminum substrate and accompanying methods for resist bonding and electrodeposition. The work referred to here appeared in 2005. It serves as living proof and indication that LIGA methods are in a constant process of development-improvement as well as in the widest practical use. 

Figure 33. Experimental results and least squares fit of data (solid lines) for a Pt/C LSM covered with an electrodeposited layer of copper and an adsorbed layer of iodine. Topmost curve /j. fluorescence. Middle curve copper K, fluorescence. Bottom curve reflectivity. (From Abruna, H. D., White, J. H., et al., J. Phys. Chem. 92, 7045 (1988), with permission.)...

As Stated earlier the most probable mechanism for Ni and Mo codeposition is the one reported by Podlaha and Landolt [117-120] after X-ray fluorescence analysis of the electrodeposited alloy. Their investigations were performed under controlled mass transport conditions (rotating cylinder electrode). The model assumes that the Ni electrodeposition occurs on the surface not covered by the molybdate ions as a reaction intermediate, by direct reduction of nickel species (all of them being complex of Ni " cations with the citrate anions), independently on the molybdate reaction which can occur only in the presence of nickel species [117-120], The model of the Mo-Ni alloy electrodeposition is described by the following reduction reactions ... 

This model has been recently confirmed, since the existence of adsorbed intermediate [NiCitMo02]ads by the in situ surface Raman spectroscopic smdies has been detected [154]. However, it should be noted here that the whole mechanism has been based on the X-ray fluorescence analysis of the electrodeposited alloys, and from the content of Ni and Mo their partial current densities of electrodeposition were calculated and used for the analysis of the mechanism [117-120]. 

The differences in the final properties of the copolymer according to the monomer s feed ratio were also observed for P(DHQT-co-DNBP) (12) films electrodeposited onto ITO/glass. DHQT is a fluorescent thiophene oligomer usually applied as active layer for assemble of organic field effect transistors (OFETs)/ photovoltaic cells and electrochromic devices/ while the polymer PDNBP and its copolymer with EDOT have... 

Figure 12.28 Cathodically electrodeposited sol-gel/BSA composite film, (a) Fluorescence image of wet gel (b) dry gel residue. (Adapted with permission from Ref. [66].)...

Chimg, D. S. Alkire, R. C. Confocal miaoscopy for simultaneous imaging of Cu electrodeposit morphology and adsorbate fluorescence. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1997,144,1529-1536. 

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