Electrode surface reconstruction adsorbed species

As noted in Section 1.2, accurate determination of adsorbate-induced changes in surface-normal structure, i.e. the Adj2 interplanar spacing between the first and the second atomic layers, can be achieved by measuring the CTRs [1—4, 10, 35]. Previous reviews summarized adsorbate-induced relaxation and reconstruction on well-defined Pt(hkl) and Pt-bimetallic surfaces in aqueous electrolytes at electrode potentials at which a maximum surface coverage of adsorbed species is established [28, 29]. The data revealed that either close to the hydrogen evolu-... 

The study of single-crystal electrode surfaces has allowed the effects of the applied potential and adsorbates (ions and covalently bound species) on the structure of the metal surface to be determined. In particular, reconstructions of metal electrode surfaces, in which the top layer of atoms adopts a different ordered structure from that of the underlying crystal structure, have been studied extensively [34,35], As with upd studies, a number of surface reconstructions have been investigated using SXS [16], In keeping with the theme of this chapter, only those reports which revisited the reconstruction of the Pt surface under the influence of adsorbed hydrogen, as reported previously by Fleischmann [8], have been included in the following sections. 

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