Electrode ammonia synthesis

The determination of the stoichiometric number was made by Horiuti and Ikushiraa (102) for the hydrogen electrode process on platinum and more recently by Horiuti and Enomoto (103) for the ammonia synthesis... 

Oxide ion membrane was firstly used for ammonia synthesis by Skodra and Stoukides (Skodra Stoukides, 2009). A ceramic membrane of oxide ion conductor, YSZ, with Ru-based electrodes was investigated. Unfortunately, the ammonia formation rate was low, either due to the poor electrical conductivity of the Ru-based electrode or the presence of water vapour that may cause a poisoning effect on the catalyst. The main disadvantage of this oxide ion membrane reactor is the inconvenient... 

However, Murakami et al. (2005) suggested that the ammonia synthesis rate may not depend on only electrolysis potential. Other factors such as catalytic activity of electrode material, partial pressure of gaseous reactants, and temperature are cmcial parameters for the kinetics of ammonia synthesis (Mamellos, Zisekas, Stoukides, 2000 Skodra Stoukides, 2009). 

In electrolysis, II is not only an electric active species, but also provides protons required for the reaction. Pichett described the probability of ammonia synthesis in small-scale industrialization by this principle. In his method, the protonation was realized by adding TSOH H2O. It did not form a real cycle and they did not report the reaction and material of positive electrode as well as the rates of ammonia formation. 

Fig. 10.7 Schematic diagram of electrochemical ammonia synthesis using gas diffusion electrode in aqueous solution...

In 1989, Huruyanagai and Kichihaneshou at University of Yamanashi reported an electrochemical ammonia synthesis method at normal temperature and atmospheric pressure in aqueous solution.The gas diffusion electrode supported Fe-Phthalocyanine catalyst was used and the experimental instrument was shown in Fig. 10.7. ... 

Therefore, how to enhance the catalytic efficiency of catalyst in water solution and prevent catalyst from poison are important factors in increasing the cmrent efficiency and stability of electrode in the electrochemical ammonia synthesis. The use of solid electrol de is one of ways to solve these problems. 

Haber process (Haber-Bosch process) The catalyzed synthesis of ammonia at high pressure, half-cell One compartment of an electrochemical cell consisting of an electrode and an electrolyte, half-life (f1/2) (1) In chemical kinetics, the time needed for... 

CI2 evolution reaction, 38 56 electrochemical desorption, 38 53-54 electrode kinetics, 38 55-56 factors that determine, 38 55 ketone reduction, 38 56-57 Langmuir adsorption isotherm, 38 52 recombination desorption, 38 53 surface reaction-order factor, 38 52 Temkin and Frumkin isotherm, 38 53 real-area factor, 38 57-58 regular heterogeneous catalysis, 38 10-16 anodic oxidation of ammonia, 38 13 binding energy quantification, 38 15-16 Haber-Bosch atrunonia synthesis, 38 12-13... 

To elucidate a possibility of synthesis of N-doped, In-N codoped and p-type ZnO nanocrystals we used the electrical discharge between Zn-Zn and Zn-ln electrodes immersed into 10% aqueous ammonia solution. Material composition, optical and electrical properties of the products where studied. 

The role of positive ions in plasma synthesis is iKSt imderstocxl from studies of ammonia formation where a Pt catalyst in the form of a strip of gauze wound into a ti t roll was fitted into the cavity of hollow wato-cooled a>pper electrodes Figure 22 shows the variation of the concentration of ammonia with the specific... 

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