Electrochromic devices battery-type

The ionic conductor for electrochromic systems is an important element (fig. 35-1). The ions should move fast from the EC-layer into the electrolyte and for battery-type EC-devices to the second EC-layer or the ion-storage electrode. 

From the electrochromic mechanism described above, it can be concluded that the polymer electrolyte must be employed in the ion conducting layer. However, what type of polymer electrolyte is adopted depends on which ion is used in an electrochromic device. Theoretically, all cations can be used in electrochromic devices. Actually, only a few kinds of cations, such as H+, Li", Na", OH, F" and the like, are appropriate. As a result, when H" is used, the ion conducting layer is based on PFSA and so on. If LF is used, the ion conducting layer is similar to that used in a lithium ion battery. And for OH , it is an alkaline polymer electrolyte. 

Solid-state electrochemistry is an important and rapidly developing scientific field that integrates many aspects of classical electrochemical science and engineering, materials science, solid-state chemistry and physics, heterogeneous catalysis, and other areas of physical chemistry. This field comprises - but is not limited to - the electrochemistry of solid materials, the thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical reactions involving at least one solid phase, and also the transport of ions and electrons in solids and interactions between solid, liquid and/or gaseous phases, whenever these processes are essentially determined by the properties of solids and are relevant to the electrochemical reactions. The range of applications includes many types of batteries and fuel cells, a variety of sensors and analytical appliances, electrochemical pumps and compressors, ceramic membranes with ionic or mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, solid-state electrolyzers and electrocatalytic reactors, the synthesis of new materials with improved properties and corrosion protection, supercapacitors, and electrochromic and memory devices. 

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