Electrochemistry solubility product constant

P. Longhi, T. Mussini, R. Orsenigo and S. Rondinini, Redetermination of the standard potential of the mercuric oxide electrode at temperatures between 283 and 363 K and the solubility product constant of mercuric hydroxide , Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 17,1987, pp 505-514. 

Nernst made numerous other important contributions to physical chemistry. For example, his distribution law described the concentration distribution of a solute in two immiscible liquids and allowed the calculation of extraction processes. He also formulated several significant theories, such as those on the electrostriction of ions, the diffusion layer at electrodes, and the solubility product. In addition, he established new methods to measure dielectric constants and to synthesize ammonia, on which the German chemist Fritz Haber later successfully followed up. see also Electrochemistry Haber, Fritz Ostwald, Friedrich Wilhelm Physical Chemistry. 

Nonaqueous Solvents. Many organic compounds are not soluble in water, and the investigator who desires to study their electrochemistry must resort to organic solvents. The solvents most often used are the so-called dipolar aptotic solvents that belong to Class 5a in the classification scheme of Table 7.5. These are solvents with moderately large dielectric constants and low proton availability. This aptotic character tends to simplify the electrochemical reactions often the primary product is a stable radical cation or anion that is produced by removal or addition of an electron. 

The mathematical methods and the derivation can be found in several electrochemistry books [1 ] and reviews [5]. Herein, we present the most important considerations and formulae for steady-state electrolysis conditions. It is assumed that the solution is well stirred (the concentration gradient at the electrode surface is constant) and that both the reactant and product molecules are soluble. By combining Eqs. (1.3.28), (1.3.29), and (1.3.30) and considering the respective initial and boundary conditions [Eqs. (1.3.31), (1.3.32), and (1.3.36)], we obtain... 

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