Polymers-electrochemically active

Polypyrrole, poly thiophene, polyfuran, polycarbazole, polystyrene with tetrathi-afulvalene substituents, polyethylene with carbazole substituents, and poly-oxyphenazine as electrochemically active polymers for rechargeable batteries 97CRV207. 

Petr N, Klaus M, Santhanam KSV, Otto H (1997) Electrochemically active polymers for rechargeable batteries. Chem Rev 97 207-282... 

Electrochemically active polymer films -> conducting polymers... 

The membrane properties of electrochemically active polymer films, including several examples, have been compiled by Doblhofer and Vorotyntsev [10-12]. 

The nonideality of the electrochemically active polymer film has also been explained by the interactions of the redox sites [16] and the heterogeneity [17] of the polymer layer. 

P. Novak, K. Muller, K. S. V. Santhanam, O. Haas, Electrochemically active polymers for rechargeable batteries, Chemical Reviews 1997, 97, 207. 

In summary, the application of new and powerful techniques has allowed a detailed insight into the nature of the charge transport and charge transfer as well as of the chemical and physical processes occurring in these systems. Therefore, the production of electrochemically active polymers, polymeric films, and composites with desired properties, has become a well-established area of electrochemical and material sciences. Considering the pace of the ever-growing apphcations of polymers in electrochemical cells, it may be declared that electrochemistry is in transition from the bronze age (i.e., typically using metals) to the era of polymers. 

In the case of a large pseudocapacitance, e.g., an electrochemically active polymer film on the surface, the current-time decay reflects the diffusion rate of the charge carriers through the surface layer, thus at shorter times the decay of the current should conform to the Cottrell equation. At long times, when > L, where L is the film thickness, the... 

---