Electrochemical nanotechnology principle

Schultze, J.W., A. Heidelberg, C. Rosenkranz, T. Schapers, and G. Staikov, Principles of electrochemical nanotechnology and their application for materials and systems. Electrochimica Acta, 2005. 51(5) pp. 775-786... 

The possibilities afforded by SAM-controlled electrochemical metal deposition were already demonstrated some time ago by Sondag-Huethorst et al. [36] who used patterned SAMs as templates to deposit metal structures with line widths below 100 nm. While this initial work illustrated the potential of SAM-controlled deposition on the nanometer scale further activities towards technological exploitation have been surprisingly moderate and mostly concerned with basic studies on metal deposition on uniform, alkane thiol-based SAMs [37-40] that have been extended in more recent years to aromatic thiols [41-43]. A major reason for the slow development of this area is that electrochemical metal deposition with, in principle, the advantage of better control via the electrochemical potential compared to none-lectrochemical methods such as electroless metal deposition or evaporation, is quite critical in conjunction with SAMs. Relying on their ability to act as barriers for charge transfer and particle diffusion, the minimization of defects in and control of the structural quality of SAMs are key to their performance and set the limits for their nanotechnological applications. 

In recent years, electrochemical genosensors developed on the principle of nanotechnology have become one of the most exciting forefront fields in analytical chemistry due to the recent advances in... 

Chemical sensors utilize the immunological recognition principle by coupling with optical, electrochemical, or other transducer (signal transfer) described e.g. by Eggins (1996) and Rogers et al. (1998). A tendency to miniaturized formats ( chips ) as part of the nanotechnology can be observed. 

The next two chapters of this book section address the novel micro- and nanotechnologies impact in the field. Electroanalysis on board of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip platforms is studied in Chapter 12 and selected nanoelectrochemistry applications for food analysis are covered in Chapter 13. To conclude this part. Chapter 14 deals with the principles and food applications using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 

Nanoscale electrochemistry has revolutionized electrochemical research and technologies and has made broad impacts in other fields, including nanotechnology and nanoscience, biology, and materials chemistry. Nanoelectrochemistry examines well-established concepts and principles and provides an updated overview of the field and its applications. 

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