Electrochemical nanoporous carbons

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous Carbon and Its Electrochemical Application to Electrode Material for Supercapacitors... 

This volume contains four chapters. The topics covered are solid state electrochemistry devices and techniques nanoporous carbon and its electrochemical application to electrode materials for supercapacitors the analysis of variance and covariance in electrochemical science and engineering and the last chapter presents the use of graphs in electrochemical reaction networks. 

Lust, E., Nurk, G., Janes, A., Arulepp, M., Permann, L., Nigu, P., and Moller, P. Electrochemical properties of nanoporous carbon electrodes. Condens. Matter Phys. 5, 2002 307-327. 

Zuleta, M., Bjornbom, P., and Lundblad, A. Characterization of the electrochemical and ion-transport properties of a nanoporous carbon at negative polarization by the single-particle method../. Electrochem. Soc. 153, 2006 A48-A57. 

Due to the confinement of ions in a situation very close to intercalation/insertion, the term double layer seems to be no longer relevant for explaining the charge storage mechanism in electrochemical capacitors based on nanoporous carbons. 

Nanoporous carbon and its electrochemical application to electrode materials for super capacitors in relationship to the key role nanoporous carbons have played in the purification of liquids and the storage of energy... 

TSA 14] Tsai W.-Y., Taberna P.L., Simon p., et al, Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) study of ion dynamics in nanoporous carbons , Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 136, pp. 8722—8728, 2014. 

Beguin, F, M. Friebe, K. Jurewicz, C. Vix-Guterl, J. Dentzer, and E. Frackowiak. 2006. State of hydrogen electrochemically stored using nanoporous carbons as negative electrode materials in an aqueous medium. Carbon 44 2392-2398. 

Chen, X. Y., Y. Y. He, H. Song, and Z. J. Zhang. 2014. Structure and electrochemical performance of highly nanoporous carbons from benzoate-metal complexes by a template carbonization method for supercapacitor application. Carbon 72 410-420. 

EikerUng, M., Kornyshev, A.A. and Lustd, E. (2005). Optimized structure of nanoporous carbon-based double-layer capacitors. J. Electrochem. Soc. 152, E24—E33. 

Although much work is stiU necessary for determining the exact electrochemical behavior of the individual oxygenated surface functionalities, their contribution in enhancing capacitance of nanoporous carbons in acidic or basic media is a demonstrated fact. However, mie of the drawbacks of most nanoporous carbons is their low density which leads to a low volumetric capacitance and consequently to insufficiently compact supercapacitors. Such disadvantage can be circumvented... 

Activated carbon is a porous carbon material with developed nano-sized pores and a high specific surface area (>1,000 m g ). Nowadays, the technical term nanoporous carbon is very often used to mean activated carbon, but the activated carbon should be strictly defined as a porous carbon prepared by an activation process consisting of a gasification reaction to form the developed nano-sized pore stmcture in the carbon matrix. The activated carbons have been widely utilized as industrial materials, for example, an adsorbent, decolorizing agent, deodorant, and catalyst. The details of the preparation method, pore structure, and applications of activated carbons have been described [1]. The most significant electrochemical application of activated carbons is use as an electrode active material for an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC). This article reviews the use of activated carbons in an EDLC. 

The EDLC is an electric energy storage device based on the dielectric property of the electric double layer at the interface between the electrolyte and a nanoporous carbon electrode such as activated carbon. The charge or discharge process is the adsorption/desorption of the electrolyte ion on the carbon surface as shown in Fig. 3. Conway s book states the details of electrochemical capacitors including the EDLC [3]. 

Wang, H. et al. 2009. High performance of nanoporous carbon in cryogenic hydrogen storage and electrochemical capacitance. Carbon, 47,2259-2268. 

Besides the various allotropic forms of carbons, other carbon materials that have found their spot in electrochemical applications are mainly carbon blacks, carbon nanofibres and nanoporous carbons. At an atomic... 

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