Electroanalytical chemistry coulometry

Curran, D. J. Constant-Current Coulometry. Chapter 20 in Kissinger, P. T. Heineman, W. R., eds. Eaboratory Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1984, pp.539—568. 

Electrochemistry can be broadly defined as the study of charge-transfer phenomena. As such, the field of electrochemistry includes a wide range of different chemical and physical phenomena. These areas include (but are not limited to) battery chemistry, photosynthesis, ion-selective electrodes, coulometry, and many biochemical processes. Although wide ranging, electrochemistry has found many practical applications in analytical measurements. The field of electroanalytical chemistry is the field of electrochemistry that utilizes the relationship between chemical phenomena which involve charge transfer (e.g. redox reactions, ion separation, etc.) and the electrical properties that accompany these phenomena for some analytical determination. This new book presents the latest research in this field. 

J. E. Harrar, Techniques, Apparatus and Analytical Applications of Controlled-Potential Coulometry, Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 8 (A. J. Bard, ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1975. 

Last, but not least, is the field of electroanalytical chemistry, in which carbon electrodes can be found. This field includes voltammetry, - potentiometry, -+ coulometry, etc., for measuring the concentration and detecting the presence of specific chemical species. 

Lingane was a leader in the field of - electro analytical chemistry and wrote, with Kolthoff, the definitive, two volume monograph, Polarography [i] that remains a useful reference work. He also helped develop other electroanalytical techniques, like controlled potential electrolysis, -> coulometry, -> coulometric titrations, and developed an early electromechanical (Lingane-Jones) potentiostat, He wrote the widely-used monograph in this field, Electroanalytical Chemistry (1st edn., 1953 2nd edn., 1958). Lingane received a number of awards, including the Analytical Chemistry (Fisher) Award of the American Chemical Society in 1958. Many of his Ph.D. students, e.g., -> Meites, Fred Anson, Allen Bard, Dennis Peters, and Dennis Evans, went on to academic careers in electrochemistry. 

Terminology related to electroanalytical chemistry are chronoamperometry, voltammetry, coulometry, amperometric titrimetry, coulometric titrimetry, conductivity, con-ductimetry and high frequency titrimetry, electrometric titrimetry, electrogravimetry, electrodeposition, anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV), polarography, differentia] pulse polarography (DPP), ion-selective electrode (ISE), ion-specific electrode (ISE), molecular selective electrode, potentiometry, potentio-metric titrimetry, and chronopotentiometric titrimetry. 

Several coulometric and pulse techniques are used in electroanalytical chemistry. Rather low detection limits can be achieved, and kinetic and transport parameters can be deduced with the help of these fast and reliable techniques. Since nowadays the pulse sequences are controlled and the data are collected and analyzed using computers, different pulse programs can easily be realized. Details of a wide variety of coulometric and pulse techniques, instrumentation and applications can be found in the following literature controlled current coulometry [6], techniques, apparatus and analytical applications of controlled potential coulometry [7], coulostatic pulse techniques [8], normal pulse voltammetry [9], differential pulse voltammetry [9], and square-wave voltammetry [10]. 

Galus Z (1994) Eundamentals of electrochemical antilysis, 2nd edn. Harwood, Chichester Delahay P (1954) New instrumental methods in electrochemistry. Wiley, New York Macdonald DD (1977) Transient techniques in electrochemistry. Plenum, New York Janata J, Mark HB Jr (1969) Application of controlled-current coulometry to reaction kinetics. In Bard AJ (ed) Electroanalytical chemistry, vol 3. Mtircel Dekker, New York, pp 1-56 Harrar JE (1975) Techniques, apparatus, and aneilytical appUcations of controlled-potentitil coulometry. In Bard AJ (ed) Electroanalytical chemistry, vol 8. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 2-167... 

Coulometry, in the context of electroanalytical chemistry, can be taken to include the theory and practice of any analytical procedures that depend on Faraday s laws of electrochemical equivalence. Specifically, the analytical chemist is interested in the quantitative determination of chemical species by measurement of the quantity of electrical charge (in coulombs) necessary just to convert a known amount of that species from one oxidation state to another. 

Janata J, Mark HB Jr (1969) Application of controlled-current coulometry to reaction kinetics. In Bard AJ (ed) Electroanalytical chemistry, vol 3. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 1 - 56... 

FIA methods with electroanalytical detectors are mainly based on the inherent redox chemistry of the analyte and reagents. The most important details of the published FIA determination based on electroanalytical detection (amperometry, coulometry, conduc-timetry, potentiometry, polarography, and voltammetry) following a chronological order... 

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