Electrical stimulation electrode configuration

As noted above, a key priority in electrode configuration and design is to provide safe communication between a specific location in ihe retina and the externally controlled electrical signals. Safe stimulation can be achieved with close proximity of the electrodes to the retinal tissue. This helps prevent irreversible reactions associated with high-stimulus charge density at the electrode/tissue interface. 

A first set of simulations was executed to determine the variation of the electric potential with the distance perpendicular to the tip of a stimulating electrode in a single-electrode setup. A three-dimensional simulation model, as shown in Fig. 16, was developed from the diagram of the experimental configuration. Simulation results were later contrasted with experimental measurements from the single-electrode analog setup to verify the model and determine if the presence of the measurement electrode affected the electric potential at the probe points. 

The belief that lithium batteries may be the best way to power electric vehicles (EVs) has strongly stimulated interest in hthium. New battery configurations continue to be developed. Pyrrole is a suitable electrode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. In a flat cell, polypyrrole and Hthium films are sandwiched together. In a cylindrical cell the two films are wound concentrically. 

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