Electrical instruments thermistors

It is of interest primarily for very uniform ultra-thin films and coatings (0.002-5 mils) in applications such as electrical resistors, thermistors, thermocouples, stator cores, connectors, fast-sensing probes, photo cells, memory units, dropwise steam condensers for recovery of sea water, pellicles for beam splitters in optical instruments, windows for nuclear radiation counters, panels for micrometeorite detection, dielectric supports for planar capacitors, encapsulation of reactive powders, and supports in x-ray and optical work. Any significant growth would depend upon a major breakthrough in process techniques and a consequent lowering in price. 

Instrumentation developed in 1970 and in subsequent years has been used till nowadays and has created the basis of the present instrumentation. Intensive efforts have been devoted to the development of more sensitive detectors than the thermocouple or the thermistor detector . Thus, the currently available very sensitive high-resolution detectors have been obtained. These include, the contact conductivity detector which senses the electric conductivity of zones by means of two metallic (Pt) microelectrodes protruding into the separation capillary and being in direct contact with the electrolyte the potential gradient detector in which the electric gradients in zones are sensed with the aid of two similar electrodes placed in at certain small distance from one another in the direction of migration the UV detector where a narrow beam of UV light passes perpendicularly... 

Water may get into milk from milking machinery, accidentally or fraudulently. Dilution of milk changes its freezing point. The WHO method uses a thermostatically controlled water bath cooled by electrical refrigeration and a thermistor probe. There are two types of instrument the first determines a plateau in the freezing curve and the other, used for routine screening, reads at a fixed time from the start of freezing. 

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