Electric vehicles performance requirements

DeLuchi, M., Q. Wang, and D. Sperling. 1989. Electric Vehicles Performance, Life-Cycle Costs, Emissions, and Recharging Requirements Transportation Research 23A(3) 255-278. de Saint-Seine, S. 2003. EU Automakers Won t Meet 2008 C02 Goals. Automotive News Europe (Nov. 17) 1. 

The three distinct characteristics of a rechargeable battery identified in Section 1.2.4 are inextricably linked and, therefore, improvements in any one characteristic come at the expense of one or both of the others. The specific constraints of the battery vary from application to application. For example, the specific constraints are different for hybrid electric vehicles compared with all-electric vehicles, which require high-power density and lower energy density to meet optimum vehicle performance level. 

In the 1990s, the use of batteries in electric vehicles and for load leveling is being revived partly for environmental reasons and partly because of scarce energy resources. Improvements in battery performance and life, fewer maintenance requirements, and automatic control systems are making these appHcations feasible. Research and development is ongoing all over the world to develop improved lead—acid batteries as weU as other systems to meet these needs. 

At present batteries worth more than 30 billion USD are produced every year and the demand is still increasing rapidly as more and more mobile electronic end electric devices ranging from mobile phones to electric vehicles are entering into our life. The various materials required to manufacture these batteries are mostly supplied by the chemical industry. Ten thousands of chemists, physicists and material scientists are focusing on the development of new materials for energy storage and conversion. As the performance of the battery system is in many cases a key issue deciding the market success of a cordless product there is in fact a kind of worldwide race for advanced batteries. 

The power capability of the cell against DOD was plotted in Figure 6. The performance of such cells and test results thereof indicate that cells containing the surface-modified natural graphite meet and exceed the power requirements set by the FreedomCar partnership for the hybrid electric vehicle applications. 

In conclusion, the surface modified natural graphite has good performance in PC based electrolyte and also meets the power requirements for hybrid electrical vehicle applications. Surface carbon coated natural graphite SLC1015 is a very promising material in high power Li-ion batteries with lower cost, reasonable safety, and low irreversible capacity. 

Table 7.23. Electric vehicle energy storage system performance requirements...

When designing an electric vehicle, the first question is the dimensions of the electric motor(s) in relation to the required performance. With that in mind, in Figure 4.4 the iso-power lines refer to the total nominal power required at the motors to reach a speed of 120 km h. The typical peak power of an electric motor could be as much as 2-3 times the nominal power and the graph should then be used for... 

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